What is the best course of action when there is a measles epidemic in a nearby municipality?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Instruct mothers to keep their babies at home to prevent disease transmission. This is the best course of action during a measles epidemic because keeping babies at home helps reduce their exposure to the virus and prevent its spread. Babies under 6 months are too young for the measles vaccine (choice A), and giving high doses of Retinol (choice B) is not a recommended treatment for measles. Adequate nutrition (choice D) is important for overall health but does not directly address preventing measles transmission.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Destroying breeding places of mosquitoes. This is the most effective strategy in controlling Dengue fever because it targets the source of the problem by eliminating the breeding grounds of mosquitoes, which are essential for their reproduction. By removing stagnant water and other potential breeding sites, the mosquito population is significantly reduced, thus lowering the risk of Dengue fever transmission. Choice A, stream seeding with larva-eating fish, may help in controlling mosquito larvae in certain water bodies but may not be as effective in widespread control of Dengue fever transmission. Choice C, chemoprophylaxis, is not a primary prevention strategy and may not be practical for large populations. Choice D, teaching people to use mosquito nets, is a helpful preventive measure but may not be as effective as eliminating breeding sites in reducing Dengue fever transmission.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pinworm. Scotch tape swab is used to check for the presence of pinworm eggs around the anal area. The sticky side of the tape picks up the eggs which can then be examined under a microscope. Ascaris, Hookworm, and Schistosoma do not typically involve the detection of eggs using this method, making them incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because clients who are relapses or failures of previous PTB treatment regimens are considered targets for DOTS category. These clients require a more structured and supervised treatment approach to ensure successful treatment outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because sputum negative cavitary cases are not typically targeted for DOTS category as they may not present the same level of treatment complexity as relapses or failures. Choice B is incorrect because clients returning after default may also require DOTS intervention, but they are not specifically categorized as targets for DOTS category. Choice D is incorrect because clients diagnosed for the first time through a positive sputum exam may not necessarily need the same level of supervision and support as relapses or failures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thickened painful nerves. Early sign of leprosy includes thickened painful nerves due to inflammation and damage to the peripheral nerves caused by the bacteria. This is known as leprosy's hallmark symptom, which is crucial for diagnosis. Macular lesions (A) and sinking of the nose bridge (D) are more commonly associated with other skin conditions or nasal deformities, not specific to leprosy. Inability to close eyelids (B) is a late sign of leprosy known as lagophthalmos, occurring after nerve damage has progressed significantly.