What is the benefit of inducing mild hypothermia to a post-arrest patient who has a return of spontaneous circulation?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because inducing mild hypothermia in a post-arrest patient with a return of spontaneous circulation helps reduce intracranial pressure, cerebral metabolic rate, and the brain's demand for oxygen. This is crucial in preventing secondary brain injury and improving neurological outcomes. Explanation: 1. Reduced intracranial pressure: Hypothermia causes vasoconstriction, reducing cerebral blood flow and lowering intracranial pressure. 2. Decreased cerebral metabolic rate: Hypothermia slows down cellular metabolism, decreasing the brain's oxygen and energy requirements. 3. Lowered brain's demand for oxygen: With reduced metabolic rate and blood flow, the brain requires less oxygen. Summary of other choices: A: Hypothermia does not directly reduce the body's need for stored energy (sugar) but rather decreases metabolic rate. B: Hypothermia may alter blood flow distribution but does not specifically increase blood flow to the brain and heart. D: Hypothermia primarily affects the

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Elevated central venous pressure. Transfer to a burn center is based on the extent and severity of burns, not on central venous pressure. A: Partial-thickness and full-thickness burns on greater than 10% of the body surface area (BSA) are criteria for transfer due to the increased risk of complications. B: Any full-thickness burn is a critical criterion for transfer since full-thickness burns require specialized care. C: Burns involving the perineum and skin overlying major joints are also criteria for transfer to a burn center due to the risk of functional impairment and infection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in this scenario, the patient presents with signs suspicious of aortic injury, indicated by the widened mediastinum on chest x-ray. However, the definitive test for aortic injury is a CT scan of the chest, which is more sensitive and specific than contrast angiography. If the CT scan is normal, it effectively rules out aortic injury, making further imaging with contrast angiography unnecessary. Performing angiography in this case would expose the patient to unnecessary risks without providing additional diagnostic value. Therefore, the correct approach is to first perform a CT scan of the chest, and if it is normal, no further imaging is required. Choice A is incorrect as contrast angiography is indicated in suspected aortic injury cases. Choice B is incorrect as performing contrast angiography after a CT scan would be redundant and expose the patient to unnecessary risks. Choice C is incorrect as the accuracy of contrast angiography in diagnosing aortic rupture is not as high as indicated in the

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: "Urethral injuries are associated with pelvic fractures" 1. Urethral injuries are commonly seen in patients with pelvic fractures due to the close anatomical proximity and the mechanism of injury. 2. Pelvic fractures can cause direct trauma to the urethra, leading to urethral injuries. 3. Urethral injuries may present with blood at the meatus, inability to void, or high-riding prostate on rectal examination. 4. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent complications such as urinary retention or urethral stricture. Summary: - Choice B is incorrect as not all patients with microscopic hematuria require genitourinary evaluation. - Choice C is incorrect as gross hematuria and shock can be due to various causes, not solely major renal injuries. - Choice D is incorrect as some intraperitoneal bladder injuries may require surgical intervention, not just urinary catheter placement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Massage of the affected area." Massaging the affected area can help improve blood flow and promote circulation, aiding in the rewarming process for frostbite injuries. This helps prevent further tissue damage and supports healing. Explanation for other choices: A: "Application of dry heat" can actually worsen frostbite by causing additional tissue damage. B: "Debridement of hemorrhagic blisters" is not recommended as it can lead to infection and further complications. C: "Early amputation to prevent septic complications" is an extreme measure and not warranted in the initial treatment of frostbite injuries.