What is the benefit of inducing mild hypothermia to a post-arrest patient who has a return of spontaneous circulation?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because inducing mild hypothermia in a post-arrest patient helps reduce intracranial pressure, cerebral metabolic rate, and the brain's demand for oxygen. This is crucial in preventing secondary brain injury and improving neurological outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because hypothermia does not reduce the body's need for stored energy (sugar), but actually can lead to metabolic changes that may increase the body's energy demand. Choice B is incorrect because while hypothermia may increase blood flow to the brain and heart, it also reduces blood flow to peripheral tissues, potentially causing harm to these areas. Choice D is incorrect because hypothermia does not reduce the amount of oxygen and blood circulation needed to supply the tissues of the periphery, and in fact, can lead to decreased tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because elevated central venous pressure is not a criterion for transfer to a burn center. A, B, and C are all valid criteria for transfer based on the severity and location of burns. Criteria A and B indicate the extent of burns in terms of partial-thickness and full-thickness involvement, while C highlights specific anatomical areas that may require specialized care due to the risk of complications. Elevated central venous pressure is not typically used as a criterion for transfer to a burn center as it is not directly related to the severity or management of burns. Hence, choice D is the exception among the given criteria.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Is not necessary if the CT-scan of the chest is normal. Rationale: 1. The patient presents with signs of possible aortic injury (e.g., widened mediastinum) after a high-speed motor vehicle collision. 2. CT scan of the chest is a sensitive imaging modality for detecting aortic injuries. 3. If the CT scan of the chest is normal, it effectively rules out aortic injury in this scenario. 4. Performing contrast angiography would be unnecessary if the initial CT scan is normal, as it would not provide additional diagnostic value and expose the patient to further risks. Summary: A: "Is not indicated" - Incorrect, as imaging is necessary to assess for aortic injury in this high-risk scenario. B: Should be performed after CT scan of the chest - Incorrect, as contrast angiography is not necessary if the CT scan is normal. C: Is positive for aortic rupture in 80% of similar cases -

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): - Urethral injuries are commonly associated with pelvic fractures due to the proximity of the urethra to the pelvic bones. - Pelvic fractures can cause direct trauma to the urethra leading to injury. - Therefore, it is true that urethral injuries are associated with pelvic fractures. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: Not all patients with microscopic hematuria require evaluation; it may resolve spontaneously or be due to benign causes. C: Gross hematuria and shock can be from various sources, not just major renal injury; it could be from bladder or vascular injuries. D: Intraperitoneal bladder injuries usually require surgical intervention, not just urinary catheter placement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct initial treatment for frostbite injuries is massage of the affected area (Choice D). This helps to gently warm up the tissue and improve blood flow, which is crucial in preventing further damage. Dry heat (Choice A) can actually worsen the injury by causing burns. Debridement of hemorrhagic blisters (Choice B) should not be done initially as it may increase the risk of infection. Early amputation (Choice C) is a drastic measure and should only be considered as a last resort after all other treatment options have been exhausted.