What is the approximate time the brain can be anoxic before developing irreversible damage?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (10 min). Brain cells start to die within 4-6 minutes without oxygen. After 10 minutes, irreversible damage is likely due to lack of oxygen causing cell death. Choice B (5 min) is too short for significant irreversible damage. Choice C (2 min) is even shorter and wouldn't allow for any meaningful recovery. Choice D (20 min) is too long and underestimates the critical window for preserving brain function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dementia. Dementia is characterized by a serious decline in cognitive abilities such as memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a terminal illness (A), a heart disease (C), or a chronic disorder (D). Dementia specifically refers to the loss of mental abilities, which distinguishes it from the other choices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Keeping a resident's information confidential. This is ethical behavior as it upholds the resident's right to privacy and maintains trust. Revealing confidential information violates ethical principles and can harm the resident. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. B contradicts transparency and honesty, which are essential in healthcare. C involves deception and impersonation, which is unethical and can lead to legal consequences. D is inappropriate as it can burden the resident with unnecessary information and is unprofessional.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because responding immediately when the resident calls for help shows attentiveness and care, building trust with the resident's family and friends. This action demonstrates the NA's dedication to the resident's well-being and emphasizes their commitment to providing timely assistance. A is incorrect as avoiding talking to the resident when he has visitors can signal indifference and lack of engagement. B is incorrect because letting the family take care of the resident's needs themselves may suggest neglect of the NA's responsibilities. C is incorrect as telling stories about the resident without their consent may invade their privacy and potentially create uncomfortable situations. In summary, choice D is the most effective way for an NA to establish a positive relationship with a resident's family and friends by prioritizing the resident's needs and ensuring prompt assistance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because checking if any assigned residents require immediate help or care is crucial for ensuring their safety and well-being. This step prioritizes addressing urgent needs and emergencies first, aligning with the nursing assistant's duty to provide timely and necessary assistance. Setting up residents for mealtime (choice A) can wait until urgent needs are addressed. Trying to change daily assignments (choice B) is not a priority when residents may need immediate help. Taking vital signs on all residents (choice D) is important but should come after addressing urgent care needs.