ATI RN
Adult Health Nursing Test Banks Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the appropriate sequence of steps in the assessment of a conscious trauma patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the assessment of a conscious trauma patient, the appropriate sequence of steps is to follow the ABCDE approach: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure. 1. **Airway**: Assessing the airway is crucial as any obstruction can quickly lead to respiratory distress or failure. It takes precedence in order to ensure the patient can breathe effectively. 2. **Breathing**: After ensuring the airway is clear, the next step is to assess breathing. This involves checking for adequate ventilation and signs of respiratory distress. 3. **Circulation**: Once airway and breathing are addressed, circulation should be evaluated. This includes assessing the patient's pulse, blood pressure, and signs of shock. 4. **Disability**: Disability assessment involves evaluating the patient's neurological status, including level of consciousness, pupil response, and motor function. This step helps determine the extent of any potential head or spinal cord injuries. 5. **Exposure**: Finally, exposure involves fully assessing the patient for any additional injuries by removing clothing and thoroughly examining the body. **Educational Context**: The ABCDE approach is a systematic method used in emergency situations to ensure that critical issues are addressed promptly. It is essential for nurses and healthcare providers to follow this sequence to prioritize care effectively and provide the best outcomes for trauma patients. **Why the other options are wrong**: - Option B (CABDE) and Option C (BACDE) are incorrect as they do not follow the standard ABCDE sequence, which can lead to delays in addressing critical issues. - Option D (EDCAB) is also incorrect as it starts with exposure, which should be the final step in the assessment process. Starting with exposure can lead to overlooking immediate life-threatening issues. In conclusion, understanding and applying the ABCDE approach in the assessment of trauma patients is vital for healthcare providers to deliver timely and effective care in emergency situations.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following laboratory findings is characteristic of a patient with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is typically confirmed through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during pregnancy. In GDM, the 2-hour plasma glucose level during the OGTT is equal to or greater than 140 mg/dL. This finding is characteristic of GDM and distinguishes it from other types of diabetes. Fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus outside of pregnancy, not specifically GDM. Random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL is indicative of uncontrolled diabetes in general. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5% is used for diagnosing diabetes outside of pregnancy and is not specific to GDM.
Question 3 of 5
A 25-year-old woman presents with cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. On pelvic examination, the uterus is retroverted, and a tender, nodular mass is palpated behind the uterus. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be responsible for these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The scenario described, including cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, retroverted uterus, and a nodular mass behind the uterus, is most indicative of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a gynecological condition in which tissue similar to the endometrium (the tissue that lines the uterus) is found outside the uterus, typically on structures within the pelvis. The presence of endometrial tissue in abnormal locations can lead to symptoms such as pelvic pain, especially during menstruation (dysmenorrhea), painful intercourse (dyspareunia), and the formation of nodular masses (endometriomas) that can be felt on pelvic examination. It is important to note that while adenomyosis and uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) can also cause pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea, the specific findings of retroverted uterus and palpable nodular mass behind
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breast tenderness is a hallmark symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which occurs in the days leading up to menstruation. This symptom is often associated with hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Women may experience increased sensitivity and soreness in their breasts, making them feel tender or swollen. It is a common symptom of PMS and can vary in severity from one individual to another. Pelvic pain, postmenopausal bleeding, and dyspareunia are not typically considered hallmark symptoms of PMS.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with a severe fungal infection demonstrates impaired neutrophil function. Which of the following cellular processes is most likely to be affected in this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in immune defense against pathogens, particularly in phagocytosis - the process by which they engulf and destroy invading microorganisms. In a severe fungal infection, impaired neutrophil function would most likely affect their ability to effectively perform phagocytosis, leading to a compromised immune response against the fungal pathogen. This would result in increased susceptibility to the infection and potentially severe outcomes for the patient. Antibody production, cytokine secretion, and mast cell degranulation are important components of the immune response, but neutrophils are primarily responsible for phagocytosis in the innate immune system.