ATI RN
ATI Proctored Exam Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the antidote for Warfarin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the action of vitamin K, reducing blood clotting. In cases of Warfarin overdose or excessive anticoagulation resulting in bleeding complications, the antidote is vitamin K. Vitamin K helps the liver produce clotting factors, which can counteract the effects of Warfarin and restore normal blood clotting. Other options such as Naloxone, Digibind, and Flumazenil are antidotes used for specific situations like opioid overdose, digoxin toxicity, and benzodiazepine overdose, respectively, and are not relevant for Warfarin antidote.
Question 2 of 5
The following are H1 receptor antagonist, except :
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Terfenadine is a second-generation antihistamine, but it is not an H1 receptor antagonist like the other options listed. Terfenadine was once used for the treatment of allergic conditions, but it is known for its potential to cause cardiac side effects due to its interaction with other medications and prolongation of the QT interval. Consequently, terfenadine has been largely replaced by newer, safer antihistamines. The rest of the options listed (chlorpheniramine, promethazine, cimetidine, and diphenhydramine) are all H1 receptor antagonists commonly used to block the action of histamine and relieve symptoms of allergies.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who is taking aspirin for arthritis pain asks the nurse why it also causes gastrointestinal upset. The nurse understands that this is because aspirin:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aspirin causes gastrointestinal upset because it inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for the production of prostaglandins, which are important in protecting the stomach lining. Inhibition of COX-1 reduces the production of protective prostaglandins that help maintain the integrity of the stomach lining, leading to irritation and potential damage, which can manifest as gastrointestinal upset. This is why patients taking aspirin may experience gastrointestinal side effects such as stomach pain, ulcers, or bleeding.
Question 4 of 5
Bisoprolol (Zebeta) would be the drug of choice for which patient with a diagnosis of hypertension?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bisoprolol is the drug of choice for older adults. It is not associated with as many adverse effects in the elderly and regular dosing profiles can be used. This drug does not have an established pediatric dosage. Although the 37-year-old patient is an adult, there are additional choices for this patient, with a more favorable adverse effect profile. The nurse should consider age-related factors when selecting antihypertensive medications.
Question 5 of 5
A patient comes to the office with a chief complaint of hair loss and peeling skin. The nurse notes many vitamins and minerals are on the medication list. The patient reports using vitamins to treat liver disease. The patient's complaint may be caused by an excess of which vitamin or mineral?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.