What is the action of Nitroglycerin?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology, Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator primarily used to treat angina by dilating coronary arteries. The correct answer is D because nitroglycerin works by relaxing and dilating the blood vessels, particularly the coronary arteries, which increases blood flow to the heart muscle and reduces the workload on the heart. This action helps to relieve chest pain associated with angina. Option A, dilating the bronchi, is incorrect because nitroglycerin does not have a significant effect on the bronchi. Option B, reducing blood glucose, is incorrect as nitroglycerin does not directly impact blood glucose levels. Option C, reducing nausea, is incorrect as nitroglycerin is not indicated for this purpose. Understanding the action of nitroglycerin is crucial for nursing students and healthcare professionals as it is a commonly used medication in the management of angina and acute coronary syndromes. Knowing how nitroglycerin works helps in providing safe and effective care to patients with cardiovascular conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Warfarin is classified as an anticoagulant, which means its primary function is to prevent the formation of blood clots. By inhibiting the synthesis of certain clotting factors in the liver, warfarin reduces the blood's ability to clot, making it an important medication in preventing conditions like strokes and deep vein thrombosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pharmacology, when administering Lithium, a life-threatening side effect to be aware of is seizures. This is because Lithium can lead to neurotoxicity, manifesting as seizures, particularly if the serum levels of Lithium are elevated. Seizures are a serious medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent further complications. Regarding the other options: A) Erythema: While skin rash can be a side effect of Lithium, it is not typically life-threatening unless it progresses to a severe allergic reaction like Stevens-Johnson syndrome. B) Pancreatitis: Lithium can affect the pancreas, but pancreatitis is not a common or immediate life-threatening side effect associated with Lithium use. D) Headache: Headache is a common side effect of many medications, including Lithium, but it is not typically life-threatening unless it is a symptom of a more severe condition. Educationally, understanding the potential life-threatening side effects of medications like Lithium is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure patient safety. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring patients closely, conducting regular assessments, and promptly addressing any concerning symptoms to prevent adverse outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B, "I will be sure to take the albuterol before taking the cromolyn," is the correct answer. Albuterol is a short-acting beta agonist that works quickly to relieve acute bronchospasm in asthma, while cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer that helps prevent asthma attacks. By taking albuterol first, the client ensures immediate relief of symptoms followed by the preventive action of cromolyn. Option A is incorrect because cromolyn is not for immediate relief but rather for long-term preventive use. Option C is incorrect as using both medications immediately after exercising is not necessary unless symptoms are present. Option D is incorrect as the medications do not need to be administered 10 minutes apart. Educationally, understanding the timing and purpose of medications in asthma management is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes. Teaching patients the correct sequence of medication administration empowers them to effectively manage their condition and improve compliance with their treatment plan.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Propranolol is contraindicated in clients with a history of asthma because it can cause bronchospasms due to its non-selective beta-blocking properties. By blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs, propranolol can lead to bronchoconstriction, potentially triggering asthma symptoms and exacerbating respiratory issues. It is essential for individuals with asthma to avoid medications like propranolol that can worsen their condition.