What is splitting?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: splitting. Splitting is a defense mechanism where individuals perceive people or situations as all good or all bad, unable to integrate the positive and negative qualities. This leads to black-and-white thinking and can impact relationships. Choice A (meeting others' needs) is more aligned with altruism. Choice B (substituting impulses) refers to sublimation. Choice C (denying disturbing feelings) is characteristic of denial. In contrast, splitting involves the inability to reconcile conflicting qualities, leading to extreme perceptions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because conversion disorder presents with symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions. This is a key characteristic of conversion disorder where patients experience physical symptoms without a known medical explanation. These symptoms are not under conscious control and do not follow the typical pattern of neurological conditions. Choice B is incorrect because symptoms of conversion disorder are not linked to a specific cause but rather arise unconsciously. Choice C is incorrect as symptoms of conversion disorder cannot be easily explained by medical tests as they are psychological in nature. Choice D is incorrect because while conversion disorder is often related to psychological factors, it is not always the primary cause of the symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: MAST. MAST is specifically designed to screen for alcohol abuse and has been widely validated for this purpose. It consists of 25 questions that assess various aspects of alcohol use and related problems. The other choices are incorrect because: B: CAGE focuses on identifying alcohol dependence rather than abuse. C: AUDIT is used to identify risky or harmful drinking patterns, not necessarily abuse. D: BDI is a questionnaire for assessing depression, unrelated to alcohol abuse screening. In summary, MAST is the preferred questionnaire for possible alcohol abuse due to its specific focus and extensive validation in this area.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because serotonin is primarily known for its role in mood regulation and arousal. Serotonin helps regulate emotions, sleep, and appetite. It is involved in various mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. Choice B is incorrect because serotonin is not primarily involved in cognition and motivation. Choice C is incorrect as serotonin is not primarily involved in pain perception and muscle relaxation. Choice D is incorrect as serotonin is not primarily involved in learning and memory.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Norepinephrine increase is associated with mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia due to its role in the brain's stress response. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, alertness, and arousal. Increased levels can lead to symptoms seen in mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Depression is not typically associated with increased norepinephrine levels. Parkinson's disease is linked to dopamine deficiency, not norepinephrine. Alzheimer's disease is associated with acetylcholine and amyloid plaques, not norepinephrine.