What is required of a patient who leaves the hospital against medical advice (AMA)?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because when a patient leaves the hospital against medical advice (AMA), signing a form releasing legal responsibility is required to protect the hospital from potential legal issues. This form documents that the patient is fully aware of the risks of leaving AMA and takes responsibility for their decision. Choice A is incorrect because hospitals have legal concerns regarding patient safety and liability. Choice B is incorrect as reimbursement of medical expenses is not the primary concern in this situation. Choice C may be helpful for follow-up care but does not address the legal implications of leaving AMA.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: minimum data. In a Medicare-certified facility, the comprehensive assessment uses minimum data as the foundation for the Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) process. This process ensures standardized data collection and helps in determining the patient's care needs accurately. The other choices are incorrect: A) PIE system is a nursing documentation model, not specific to comprehensive assessments in long-term care facilities; C) OASIS is used in home health agencies, not long-term care facilities; D) charting by exception is a documentation method that focuses on documenting only significant findings, not a comprehensive assessment tool.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: a strong service orientation. Nursing as a profession is characterized by a commitment to serving and caring for others. Nurses prioritize the well-being and comfort of their patients above all else. This service orientation is essential in providing holistic and compassionate care. A, B, and C are incorrect because: A: Nursing has a well-defined body of knowledge that includes nursing theories, principles, and evidence-based practices. B: While nursing collaborates with the medical profession, it is an independent discipline with its own scope of practice. C: Nurses are not trained to diagnose medical problems; that responsibility lies within the scope of practice of physicians and other healthcare providers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because nursing theories indeed provide a knowledge base for appropriate nursing responses. Nursing theories help guide nurses in understanding patient care, decision-making, and interventions. Choice A is incorrect because nursing theories do not solely provide rational reasons for interventions; they offer a comprehensive framework. Choice B is incorrect because nursing theories are not solely based on what nursing should be, but rather they encompass a broader understanding of nursing practice. Choice D is incorrect because while nursing theories can stimulate discussions on nursing issues, their primary purpose is to provide a foundation for nursing practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it highlights a cultural belief influencing health decisions. Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions due to religious beliefs, impacting health outcomes. This demonstrates how sociocultural factors can directly affect health decisions and status. Choices A, C, and D do not specifically address cultural beliefs impacting health. A is more environmental, C is psychological, and D is socioeconomic.