What is one way that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is spread?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, by contact with an infected person's blood. HIV is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact, sexual contact, and sharing needles. The virus is not airborne, so choice A is incorrect. HIV is not transmitted through casual physical contact like hugging or standing next to an infected person, so choices B and C are also incorrect. It is important to understand how HIV is spread to prevent transmission and promote awareness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because being positive and reassuring can help alleviate anxiety and fear associated with discharge, making the transition smoother for the resident. This approach fosters trust and promotes emotional well-being. Allowing the resident to pack belongings (choice A) may not always be feasible or safe. Letting the resident walk alone to the car (choice C) can be risky and may not be appropriate. Recommending exercises post-discharge (choice D) is important but not directly related to making the discharge process easier.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because draw sheets help prevent skin damage caused by shearing forces when moving a resident in bed. Shearing occurs when the skin moves in one direction while underlying tissues move in the opposite direction, leading to tissue damage. Draw sheets reduce friction and shear forces, protecting the resident's skin. A is incorrect because draw sheets do not primarily serve to prevent the bed covers from pushing down on a resident's feet. B is incorrect as draw sheets do not specifically address keeping a resident's fingers from curling tightly. C is incorrect because while draw sheets can help maintain proper positioning, their primary purpose is to prevent skin damage rather than solely focusing on joint alignment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Aspiration. When a resident is unconscious, there is a high risk of inhaling or aspirating food, fluids, or saliva into the lungs, leading to aspiration pneumonia or choking. This is a life-threatening risk that requires immediate attention. Mouth dryness (A) may occur but is not as critical as aspiration. Gingivitis (C) and mouth sores (D) are not immediate risks associated with unconscious residents.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sphygmomanometer. This device is specifically designed to measure blood pressure accurately by inflating a cuff around the arm and monitoring pressure in the arteries. It consists of a pressure gauge and a stethoscope to listen for the sound of blood flow. The other choices (A: Thermometer, B: Watch, C: Finger) are not suitable for measuring blood pressure. A thermometer measures temperature, a watch tells time, and a finger is not capable of accurately measuring blood pressure. The sphygmomanometer is the most appropriate tool for this specific medical measurement due to its design and functionality.