What is one type of autoimmune disease?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rheumatoid arthritis. This is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, leading to inflammation and joint damage. Hypothyroidism (Choice A) is a thyroid disorder, not an autoimmune disease. Hepatitis (Choice C) is a viral infection affecting the liver. Gonorrhea (Choice D) is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection, not an autoimmune disease. Rheumatoid arthritis fits the criteria of an autoimmune disease as it involves the immune system attacking the body's own tissues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because seeking help from a supervisor is an appropriate way for a nursing assistant to reduce and manage stress. By reaching out to a supervisor, the nursing assistant can receive guidance, support, and resources to address the sources of stress effectively. This can help in developing coping strategies and creating a healthier work environment. Talking to a resident about her stress (choice A) may not be appropriate as it can blur professional boundaries. Multitasking excessively (choice C) can lead to increased stress and decreased efficiency. Increasing caffeine intake (choice D) is not a healthy or sustainable way to manage stress.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of providing preoperative education to a patient scheduled for outpatient surgery, it is crucial to ensure that the patient is well-prepared for the procedure to promote positive outcomes and minimize risks. The correct answer, option A, recommends continuing with all medications routinely taken. This guideline is important to maintain the patient's baseline health status and prevent any complications that may arise from abruptly stopping medications. Option B, notifying the surgeon's office if a cold or infection develops before surgery, is crucial as well. Infections can increase the risk of complications during surgery and may necessitate rescheduling the procedure to ensure the patient's safety. Option C, listing allergies and ensuring the operating staff is aware of these, is essential to prevent allergic reactions during surgery, which can be life-threatening. Option D, wearing clothing without buttons or zippers, is not a recommended teaching guideline. While wearing loose, comfortable clothing is advised for ease of dressing and undressing, the presence of buttons or zippers is not a significant concern in post-operative care. In an educational context, these teaching guidelines are fundamental for patients to understand and follow to ensure a smooth surgical experience and optimal recovery. By explaining the rationale behind each guideline, patients can be empowered to take an active role in their care and contribute to better surgical outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) dehydration. When a patient experiences food poisoning with severe vomiting and diarrhea, they are at a high risk of dehydration. Vomiting and diarrhea lead to a significant loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body, which can quickly result in dehydration if not adequately addressed. Dehydration can further exacerbate the patient's condition and lead to serious complications if left untreated. Option A) edema is incorrect because edema refers to the accumulation of excessive fluid in the body's tissues, which is the opposite of the fluid loss seen in dehydration. Option C) jaundice is incorrect as it is a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to an excess of bilirubin in the blood, commonly seen in liver disorders, not directly related to food poisoning with vomiting and diarrhea. Option D) eczema is a skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed skin patches, which is not directly related to the acute illness described in the question. Educationally, understanding the potential complications of acute illnesses like food poisoning is crucial for healthcare providers to provide appropriate care and interventions to prevent further health deterioration in patients. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of dehydration and knowing how to manage it effectively is fundamental in post-operative care and general patient management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of basic post-operative care, understanding range-of-motion exercises is crucial for nurses to promote optimal patient recovery. The correct term for the movement described, where the foot is bent so that the toes point towards the knee, is dorsiflexion (Option A). Dorsiflexion refers to the movement at the ankle joint where the top of the foot is brought towards the shin, increasing the angle between the foot and the leg. This movement helps in maintaining flexibility and strength in the ankle joint, essential for preventing complications like contractures post-surgery. Inversion (Option B) is the movement where the sole of the foot turns inward, rotation (Option C) involves a circular movement around an axis, and eversion (Option D) is the opposite of inversion where the sole of the foot turns outward. These movements are not specifically related to the described action of pointing the toes towards the knee. For nurses, understanding these terms and their correct application is vital in providing effective post-operative care, preventing complications, and promoting the patient's recovery process by ensuring proper movement and joint flexibility.