What is one reason why women are more likely than men to have urinary tract infections?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Women have a shorter urethra. This anatomical difference in women makes them more prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) as bacteria have easier access to the bladder. The shorter urethra allows bacteria to travel up to the bladder more quickly. Choice A is incorrect as gonads are not related to UTIs. Choice B is incorrect as kidney function is not a direct cause of UTIs. Choice D is incorrect as urinary incontinence is a separate condition and not a direct reason for increased UTI risk in women.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: In the morning. Elastic stockings should be applied in the morning when the leg swelling is at its minimum. This ensures optimal compression effectiveness throughout the day when the individual is most active. Applying them in the evening (choice A) may lead to discomfort due to increased swelling during the day. Mid-afternoon (choice C) is not ideal as it may miss the opportunity to provide consistent compression. Applying them after exercising (choice D) may not be effective as the swelling may already be present.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Open fracture. An open fracture, also known as a compound fracture, occurs when the skin is broken, and the bone may protrude through the skin. This is a serious injury with a high risk of infection. Closed fractures (A) do not involve an open wound. Greenstick fractures (C) occur in children when the bone partially breaks but does not completely separate. Compression fractures (D) typically involve the collapse of a bone due to compression forces and do not involve an open wound. Thus, the presence of an open wound and the potential exposure of bone make an open fracture the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mark the bathroom with a sign or picture. This is important because individuals with Alzheimer's disease may have difficulty recognizing familiar surroundings, leading to confusion and accidents. By marking the bathroom with a sign or picture, the resident can easily identify the location and purpose of the room, reducing the likelihood of accidents. A: Withholding fluids is not appropriate as it can lead to dehydration and other health issues. B: Dimming the bathroom lights may further confuse the resident and increase the risk of accidents. D: The answer choice is incomplete, so it cannot be evaluated for correctness. In summary, marking the bathroom with a sign or picture is the best choice as it helps the resident with Alzheimer's disease navigate the environment safely and independently.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is a well-documented fact that the immune system tends to weaken with age, leading to decreased effectiveness in fighting off infections and diseases. This decline is due to factors such as thymus shrinkage and decreased T-cell function. Antibody response speeding up (B) and increased T-cells (C) are not typical age-related changes. Response to vaccines increasing (D) is also unlikely as older individuals usually have a weakened immune response to vaccines.