What is one potential fetal complication of using the vacuum extractor?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: cephalohematoma. When using a vacuum extractor during childbirth, the device applies suction to the baby's head to assist with delivery. This suction can cause a collection of blood between the baby's skull and periosteum, resulting in a cephalohematoma. This complication is due to the pressure exerted on the baby's head during the extraction process. Cephalohematoma is a common side effect of vacuum extraction and typically resolves on its own. Face presentation and fetal growth restriction are not directly related to the use of a vacuum extractor. Scalp fracture is a rare but serious complication that can occur if excessive force is applied during vacuum extraction, leading to bone injury, which is different from the collection of blood in a cephalohematoma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct nursing intervention for prolapsed cord is to lift the presenting part off the cord to relieve pressure and improve blood flow to the fetus. This step prevents further compression of the blood vessels in the cord. Turning the person to the side (A) is not specific to addressing a prolapsed cord. Giving oxygen (B) may be necessary, but it does not directly address the issue of cord prolapse. Increasing oxytocin (D) can worsen the situation by causing stronger contractions, potentially further compressing the cord. Therefore, the most appropriate action is to lift the presenting part off the cord (C) to protect the blood flow to the fetus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: administration of magnesium sulfate. This is because magnesium sulfate is used to control bleeding in cases of retained products of conception in a spontaneous abortion. It works by causing uterine contractions, which help expel the remaining tissue and stop the bleeding. Surgery for dilation and curettage (choice A) is typically performed if bleeding persists after medical management. Surgery for a hysterectomy (choice B) is not necessary for managing bleeding in this situation. Administration of calcium gluconate (choice D) is not indicated for controlling bleeding in cases of retained products of conception.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, alteration in kidney function. Decreased capillary refill indicates poor perfusion due to impaired kidney function leading to reduced blood flow. Delay in milk production is not directly related to kidney or liver function. Diminished peripheral pulses can be a sign of decreased blood flow due to kidney dysfunction affecting circulation. Alteration in liver or uterine function would not typically present with these specific signs. Therefore, the signs listed are most indicative of a complication related to kidney function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Most women avoid cesarean births unless it is an emergency. Rationale: 1. Cesarean delivery is a major surgery with potential risks and longer recovery time compared to vaginal birth. 2. Most women opt for vaginal birth unless there are medical reasons necessitating a cesarean section. 3. It is important for the nurse to educate the patient on the benefits of vaginal birth and address her fears about the birth experience. 4. Encouraging the patient to consider vaginal birth unless there is a medical emergency aligns with best practices in obstetric care. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect because focusing solely on pain management may not address the patient's underlying fear of the birth experience. - Choice C is incorrect as seeking another opinion may not be necessary if the patient's concerns can be addressed through education and counseling. - Choice D is incorrect as not all cesarean deliveries lead to complications in subsequent pregnancies.