What is one potential fetal complication of using obstetric forceps?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: skull fracture. When obstetric forceps are used during delivery, there is a risk of excessive pressure on the fetal skull, leading to a potential complication such as a skull fracture. This occurs due to the force exerted by the instrument during the delivery process, which can cause trauma to the baby's delicate skull bones. Flexion of the head (choice A) is a normal part of the birthing process and not a complication of forceps use. Abdominal complications (choice B) and femur fracture (choice D) are not typically associated with obstetric forceps use.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation). Uterine rupture can lead to severe bleeding, causing DIC. This is because the release of blood into the abdomen triggers the body's clotting system, resulting in the consumption of clotting factors and platelets. This can lead to widespread clotting in small blood vessels and ultimately result in bleeding disorders. Summary: - B: Nuchal cord is when the umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby's neck, not directly related to uterine rupture. - C: Polyhydramnios is excessive amniotic fluid, not a direct complication of uterine rupture. - D: Oligohydramnios is decreased amniotic fluid, not a direct complication of uterine rupture.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (30 minutes) because the placenta should be delivered within 30 minutes after the birth of the infant to prevent excessive bleeding and potential complications. If the placenta is retained beyond 30 minutes, it may lead to postpartum hemorrhage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the standard timeframe for the delivery of the placenta. A (10 minutes) is too soon for a normal delivery, C (1 hour) is too long and increases the risk of complications, and D (2 hours) is significantly delayed and poses serious health risks.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: shock. Uterine inversion is an emergency due to the risk of shock. When the uterus turns inside out, it can lead to severe bleeding and disruption of blood flow, causing hypovolemic shock. This can be life-threatening if not promptly addressed. Pain (choice B) and retained placenta (choice C) are potential complications of uterine inversion but do not pose the immediate threat of shock. Hypertension (choice D) is not directly related to the urgency of uterine inversion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prolonged second stage labor. Cocaine and methamphetamine use in pregnancy can lead to vasoconstriction, decreased blood flow to the uterus, and reduced oxygen supply to the fetus, resulting in uterine hyperactivity and fetal distress during labor. This can cause the second stage of labor to be prolonged as the uterus may struggle to effectively contract and progress labor. Explanation for other choices: A: Seizures - While cocaine and methamphetamine use can lead to seizures in pregnant individuals, this is not directly related to labor complications. B: Hypotonic contractions - Cocaine and methamphetamine use are more likely to cause hypertonic contractions (excessive uterine contractions) rather than hypotonic contractions. D: Prolonged first stage labor - Cocaine and methamphetamine use are more likely to impact the second stage of labor rather than the first stage.