What is norepinephrine?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because norepinephrine is indeed a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation. It plays a crucial role in controlling alertness, attention, and mood. Norepinephrine is released during the body's stress response, helping to regulate fight-or-flight responses. Choice B is incorrect as norepinephrine primarily affects mood rather than cognition and motivation. Choice C is incorrect because norepinephrine is not primarily involved in pain perception and muscle relaxation. Choice D is incorrect as norepinephrine is not mainly linked to learning and memory processes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because secondary prevention focuses on reducing the impact of a disease that has already occurred. It involves early detection, screening, and treatment to prevent the disease from progressing further. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Preventing disease before it occurs refers to primary prevention. C: Softening the impact of an ongoing illness or injury is more related to tertiary prevention. D: Treating existing diseases is a broad term that encompasses both secondary and tertiary prevention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention aims to manage and reduce the impact of an existing health condition. Cardiac rehab programs fall under this category by providing specialized care and support to individuals post-heart attack or heart surgery. These programs focus on improving cardiovascular health through exercise, education, and counseling. Legislation to ban hazardous products (A) is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent health issues before they occur. Regular exams and screenings (B) are considered secondary prevention, detecting diseases early to prevent complications. Support groups (D) can be part of the overall care plan but do not specifically target the management of an existing condition like tertiary prevention programs do.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because alprazolam is a benzodiazepine that can worsen angle closure glaucoma and exacerbate pre-existing CNS depression. For choice B, hypertension and diabetes are not contraindications for alprazolam. Choice C, asthma and allergies, are not direct contraindications for alprazolam. Choice D is incorrect as alprazolam does have contraindications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because benzodiazepines are primarily indicated for anxiety, seizure disorders, and insomnia due to their anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and sedative-hypnotic properties. Choice B (depression and bipolar disorder) is incorrect as benzodiazepines are not first-line treatments for these conditions and may even worsen symptoms. Choice C (schizophrenia and psychosis) is also incorrect as benzodiazepines are not recommended for these conditions and may exacerbate psychotic symptoms. Choice D (None of the above) is incorrect as benzodiazepines do have specific indications, as stated in option A.