What is Montelukast used for?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Montelukast is primarily used for the prevention and treatment of asthma. It is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that works by blocking leukotrienes, substances in the body that cause symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis. By blocking leukotrienes, Montelukast helps to reduce inflammation in the airways, decrease bronchoconstriction, and ultimately improve asthma symptoms and prevent asthma attacks. It is not used for lowering pain levels, treating depression, or improving wakefulness in patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Finasteride, a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, is prescribed as Proscar for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but also as Propecia for male pattern baldness, reducing dihydrotestosterone levels to slow hair loss. Without a prostate disorder, baldness becomes a plausible alternative indication. Erectile dysfunction isn't treated by finasteride-it may even cause it as a side effect-making that question irrelevant. Stomach ulcers and high blood pressure have no connection to finasteride's mechanism, which targets androgen pathways, not gastrointestinal or cardiovascular systems. Asking about baldness aligns with finasteride's dual use, probing a condition tied to its action on hair follicles, offering a logical explanation for its prescription in the absence of BPH, and guiding the nurse's understanding of the client's treatment rationale.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sedatives and hypnotics are drugs that act as depressants on the central nervous system. They slow down brain activity, leading to relaxation, drowsiness, and in higher doses, inducing sleep. These drugs are commonly used to reduce anxiety, promote sleep, or induce anesthesia. Therefore, the correct classification for sedatives and hypnotics is as depressants.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fluvoxamine inhibits CYP450 enzymes. It is not an MAOI, has weak anticholinergic effects, and does not require weekly blood counts.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Codeine sulfate, a narcotic analgesic, commonly causes constipation as a side effect. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system, which can slow down gastrointestinal motility, leading to constipation. Clients taking codeine sulfate should be advised to increase their fluid intake, eat high-fiber foods, and possibly use stool softeners to prevent or alleviate constipation. Monitoring for constipation and providing appropriate interventions are essential to improve the client's comfort and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors commonly cause skin-related side effects, such as rash, dryness, and paronychia (nail inflammation). These side effects can lead to tissue injury and discomfort, impacting the patient's quality of life. While bone marrow suppression and reduced platelet activity are concerns with other chemotherapies, they are less common with EGFR inhibitors. Alopecia is also less frequently associated with these drugs. The nurse should prioritize monitoring and managing skin-related side effects to prevent complications and ensure patient comfort.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chronic renal failure impairs kidney excretion, critical for drugs cleared renally-like metformin-raising toxicity risk if doses aren't adjusted, a targeted concern. Liver compensation aids metabolism, not excretion, so effectiveness isn't assured. Toxicity from all drugs assumes universal renal clearance, too broad. Decreased effectiveness ignores accumulation risks. Assessing for renal-excreted drugs' toxicity aligns with kidney function's role, ensuring safety by checking specific drug profiles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Protamine is the antidote for Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that works by increasing the activity of antithrombin III, leading to the inhibition of clotting factors. In cases of excessive bleeding or overdose with Heparin, protamine can be administered to neutralize its anticoagulant effects. Protamine works by binding to heparin to form a stable complex, thereby reversing the anticoagulant activity of Heparin. It is important for healthcare providers to be familiar with the antidotes for various medications to manage potential complications effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Montelukast is primarily used for the prevention and treatment of asthma. It is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that works by blocking leukotrienes, substances in the body that cause symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis. By blocking leukotrienes, Montelukast helps to reduce inflammation in the airways, decrease bronchoconstriction, and ultimately improve asthma symptoms and prevent asthma attacks. It is not used for lowering pain levels, treating depression, or improving wakefulness in patients.