What is maternal hypertension associated with?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Maternal hypertension is associated with low birth weight. Hypertension during pregnancy can restrict blood flow to the placenta, which in turn can restrict the flow of nutrients and oxygen to the growing fetus. This can result in poor fetal growth and low birth weight. Choice A, anorexia, is not directly associated with maternal hypertension. Anorexia is an eating disorder characterized by a lack of appetite and can lead to malnutrition, but it is not specifically linked to hypertension during pregnancy. Choice C, macrosomia, is actually the opposite of low birth weight. Macrosomia refers to a baby who is significantly larger than average at birth, typically weighing over 8 pounds, 13 ounces. This condition is more commonly associated with gestational diabetes rather than maternal hypertension. Choice D, symphysis pubis dysfunction, is a condition characterized by pain and instability in the pelvic region, particularly during pregnancy. While hypertension can have effects on various body systems, it is not directly linked to symphysis pubis dysfunction. This condition is more related to mechanical issues in the pelvic joints. In conclusion, the correct answer is B because maternal hypertension is associated with low birth weight due to the restricted blood flow to the placenta, leading to poor fetal growth.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Repetitive late decelerations (Choice C) are a sign of fetal distress because they indicate that there is a decreased blood flow and oxygen supply to the fetus during contractions. Late decelerations occur when the fetal heart rate decreases after the peak of a contraction, which is a concerning sign as it suggests that the fetus is not receiving enough oxygen. When late decelerations occur repeatedly, it signifies that the fetus is not tolerating labor well and is in distress. Prolonged moderate variability (Choice A) is actually a normal finding in fetal heart rate monitoring. Moderate variability refers to the fluctuations in the fetal heart rate that indicate a healthy autonomic nervous system. It is a reassuring sign that the fetus is well-oxygenated and not in distress. Accelerations (Choice B) are also a positive sign in fetal heart rate monitoring. Accelerations are temporary increases in the fetal heart rate that occur in response to fetal movement or stimulation. They indicate a healthy, responsive fetal central nervous system and are a reassuring sign that the fetus is not in distress. Variable decelerations (Choice D) are another type of deceleration that occur in response to umbilical cord compression. While variable decelerations can be concerning, they are not as specific as late decelerations in indicating fetal distress. Variable decelerations can also be caused by other factors such as maternal position changes or cord compression that may not necessarily indicate fetal distress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct nursing intervention for a prolapsed cord is to lift the presenting part off the cord (Choice C). This is crucial to relieve pressure on the cord and restore blood flow to the baby. Lifting the presenting part off the cord helps prevent further compression, which can lead to fetal distress or even fetal death. Choice A, turning the person to the side, is incorrect because it does not address the immediate issue of relieving pressure on the prolapsed cord. While changing position may be necessary in some situations, it is not the primary intervention for a prolapsed cord. Choice B, giving the person oxygen, is also incorrect. While oxygen may be needed in cases of fetal distress resulting from a prolapsed cord, the priority is to alleviate pressure on the cord to prevent further harm to the baby. Choice D, increasing oxytocin, is not appropriate for a prolapsed cord. Oxytocin is a hormone that is typically used to induce or augment labor, but in the case of a prolapsed cord, the focus should be on relieving pressure on the cord rather than stimulating contractions. In summary, lifting the presenting part off the cord is the correct nursing intervention for a prolapsed cord because it addresses the immediate issue of restoring blood flow to the baby and preventing further harm.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The placenta is considered retained when it has not been delivered within 30 minutes after the birth of the baby. This is because the placenta should ideally be delivered within this time frame to prevent any complications such as excessive bleeding or infection for the mother. Choice A: 10 minutes is too short of a time frame to diagnose the placenta as retained. It is normal for the placenta to take some time to be delivered after the baby is born, so 10 minutes would be premature to consider it retained. Choice C: 1 hour is too long of a time frame to diagnose the placenta as retained. Waiting for an hour could lead to potential complications for the mother if the placenta is indeed retained, as it should ideally be delivered within 30 minutes. Choice D: 2 hours is also too long of a time frame to diagnose the placenta as retained. Waiting for 2 hours could put the mother at risk for complications associated with a retained placenta, so it is not the correct answer. In conclusion, the correct answer is B (30 minutes) because it is the appropriate time frame within which the placenta should be delivered to prevent any potential complications for the mother.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Methylergonovine is the correct answer for treating uterine atony. Uterine atony is a condition where the uterus fails to contract after childbirth, leading to postpartum hemorrhage. Methylergonovine is a medication that works by causing the uterine muscles to contract, helping to control bleeding and prevent further complications. This drug is specifically used to treat postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine atony. Ampicillin (Choice A) is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, not uterine atony. Nitroglycerine (Choice B) is a vasodilator used to treat conditions like angina and heart failure, not uterine atony. Magnesium sulfate (Choice C) is a medication used to prevent seizures in conditions like preeclampsia and eclampsia during pregnancy, not specifically for treating uterine atony. In conclusion, methylergonovine is the correct choice for treating uterine atony because it helps stimulate uterine contractions and control postpartum bleeding. The other options are not appropriate for this condition and do not address the underlying issue of uterine atony.