What is justice?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because justice involves fair distribution of resources or care to ensure equality. This aligns with the principle of distributive justice, which aims to allocate resources in a way that benefits everyone fairly. Choice A focuses on beneficence, not justice. Choice B relates to non-maleficence, a different ethical principle. Choice C is about autonomy and respecting rights, not directly related to justice. In summary, D is correct as it pertains to the equitable distribution of resources, while the other choices are not directly related to the concept of justice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Donepezil (Aricept). Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor commonly used to treat Alzheimer's by increasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain. This helps improve cognitive function and memory in patients with Alzheimer's. Risperidone (B) is an antipsychotic and not used as a primary treatment for Alzheimer's. Lithium (C) is used to treat bipolar disorder, not Alzheimer's. Alprazolam (D) is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders, not Alzheimer's. Donepezil is the drug of choice for Alzheimer's due to its mechanism of action and proven efficacy in managing symptoms of the disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because altruism promotes helping others, sublimation channels negative impulses into positive actions, suppression temporarily sets aside unwanted thoughts, and humor helps cope with stress. Repression (B) involves pushing away unpleasant thoughts, displacement redirects emotions to a safer target, reaction formation masks true feelings, and rationalization justifies behaviors. Passive aggression (C) involves indirect hostility, splitting sees things as all good or all bad, projection attributes one's own thoughts to others, and denial refuses to acknowledge reality. Avoidance (D) avoids confronting issues, denial rejects the truth, repression suppresses thoughts, and projection blames others for one's own feelings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because repression, displacement, reaction formation, and rationalization are all examples of intermediate defenses according to psychoanalytic theory. These defenses involve unconsciously distorting reality to cope with anxiety or conflict. Repression involves pushing unacceptable thoughts or feelings into the unconscious. Displacement redirects emotions from a threatening target to a less threatening one. Reaction formation involves expressing the opposite of one's true feelings. Rationalization involves creating logical explanations to justify unacceptable behaviors. The other choices (B, C, D) include defense mechanisms that do not fall under the category of intermediate defenses based on psychoanalytic theory.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: splitting. Splitting is a defense mechanism where individuals perceive people or situations as all good or all bad, unable to integrate the positive and negative qualities. This leads to black-and-white thinking and can impact relationships. Choice A (meeting others' needs) is more aligned with altruism. Choice B (substituting impulses) refers to sublimation. Choice C (denying disturbing feelings) is characteristic of denial. In contrast, splitting involves the inability to reconcile conflicting qualities, leading to extreme perceptions.