What is important to monitor when giving the drug Phenytoin?

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ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment 1 and 2 Questions

Question 1 of 5

What is important to monitor when giving the drug Phenytoin?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When giving the drug Phenytoin, monitoring urinary pH is important because Phenytoin is known to be excreted by the kidneys. Changes in urinary pH can affect the concentration of Phenytoin in the body. Alkaline urine can increase the excretion of Phenytoin, potentially leading to subtherapeutic levels, while acidic urine can decrease excretion, potentially leading to toxic levels of the drug. Therefore, monitoring urinary pH helps ensure that Phenytoin levels are within the therapeutic range, minimizing the risk of either subtherapeutic or toxic effects. Monitoring for signs of toxicity, such as ataxia, nystagmus, and confusion, is also essential when administering Phenytoin.

Question 2 of 5

Concentrated solution of sugar in water

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A concentrated solution of sugar in water is known as a syrup. Syrup is commonly used in cooking and baking to add sweetness and moisture to various dishes. It is created by dissolving sugar in water over heat until a thick, sweet liquid is formed. Syrups are often used in beverages, desserts, and even as a sweetener for certain medications.

Question 3 of 5

Which of the following is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with a tendency to produce bone marrow depression?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phenylbutazone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its potential to cause bone marrow depression. Bone marrow depression is a serious side effect that can lead to decreased production of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This can result in an increased risk of infections, anemia, and bleeding disorders. Therefore, phenylbutazone should be used cautiously and under close monitoring to avoid this complication. Aspirin, Colchicine, Ibuprofen, and Acetaminophen are not typically associated with causing bone marrow depression as a side effect.

Question 4 of 5

A patient in the outpatient oncology clinic has developed mucositis after receiving fluorouracil. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for additional teaching about mucositis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Mucositis, inflammation of the mucous membranes, is a common side effect of chemotherapy. Using alcohol-based mouthwash can exacerbate mucositis by causing further irritation and dryness. The patient should be taught to use gentle, non-alcoholic mouth rinses, such as saline or baking soda solutions, to soothe the mucosa. Ice pops, ice chips, and a soft toothbrush are appropriate measures to manage mucositis. The nurse should provide additional teaching to correct the misconception about alcohol-based mouthwash and emphasize the importance of gentle oral care.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse practitioner has written a number of stat orders for drugs to treat a patient on the medical-surgical unit who has suffered an acute anaphylactic reaction with hives and bronchospasm during infusion of an IV antibiotic. Which priority drug would the nurse administer first?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its rapid action in reversing bronchospasm, vasodilation, and hypotension. It acts on alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors to constrict blood vessels, relax bronchial smooth muscle, and increase cardiac output. Steroids (A) and diphenhydramine (D) are adjuncts to manage inflammation and histamine release but are not immediate lifesaving measures. Dopamine (B) is used for hypotension but is not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis.

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