ATI RN
Clinical Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Drugs PPT Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is implied by «active transport»?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because active transport involves the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy expenditure. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring proper functioning of cells. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because active transport is not based on diffusion, does require energy consumption, and does not involve engulfing of molecules by vesicle formation. It is important to understand the fundamental concept of active transport to differentiate it from passive transport mechanisms.
Question 2 of 5
Indicate the route of local anesthetic administration, which is associated with instillation within epidural or subarachnoid spaces:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia involves injecting local anesthetics directly into the subarachnoid space, which is within the spinal canal. This allows for the anesthetic to block sensation in the lower part of the body. Topical anesthesia (A) is applied to the surface of the skin, infiltrative anesthesia (B) involves injecting local anesthetics into tissues surrounding the surgical site, and regional anesthesia (C) includes nerve blocks to numb specific areas. Spinal anesthesia is distinct as it targets the spinal nerves directly within the epidural or subarachnoid spaces.
Question 3 of 5
The symptoms of excessive stimulation of muscarinic receptors include all of the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Weakness of all skeletal muscles. Excessive stimulation of muscarinic receptors would not lead to weakness of skeletal muscles because muscarinic receptors are mainly found in smooth muscles and glands, not skeletal muscles. A: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, B: Increased salivation, excessive bronchial secretion, and C: Miosis, bradycardia are all symptoms of excessive muscarinic receptor stimulation as these receptors are involved in various functions in the body such as gastrointestinal motility, salivation, bronchial secretions, pupil constriction, and heart rate regulation.
Question 4 of 5
Indicate the nondepolarizing agent, which has short duration of action:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Mivacurium is the correct answer as it is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a short duration of action due to its rapid metabolism by plasma esterases. Succinylcholine (A) is a depolarizing agent, Tubocurarine (B) and Pancuronium (D) are nondepolarizing agents with longer durations of action compared to Mivacurium.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following direct-acting drugs is a relatively pure alfa agonist, an effective mydriatic and decongestant and can be used to raise blood pressure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Phenylephrine is a relatively pure alpha agonist, constricts blood vessels, and increases blood pressure. 2. It is an effective mydriatic due to its alpha-adrenergic effects. 3. Phenylephrine is a decongestant by constricting nasal blood vessels. 4. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are non-selective agonists with more diverse effects. 5. Ephedrine acts on both alpha and beta receptors, making it less specific for raising blood pressure.