What is fidelity (nonmaleficence)?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the duty to avoid causing harm to others. Fidelity (nonmaleficence) is a fundamental principle in ethics and healthcare, emphasizing the importance of not harming individuals. This duty ensures that professionals prioritize the well-being and safety of their clients or patients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the concept of nonmaleficence. Choice A focuses on beneficence, which is different from nonmaleficence. Choice C pertains to autonomy, while choice D relates to distributive justice, none of which directly align with the principle of avoiding harm.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability of affect (A), identity, and relationships. Patients with BPD often exhibit fear of abandonment and engage in manipulative behaviors (B). Additionally, impulsivity and self-injurious behaviors are common features of BPD (C). These characteristics are core symptoms of BPD as outlined in the diagnostic criteria. Therefore, choosing all the options (D) is the correct answer because individuals with BPD typically display a combination of these features.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because altruism involves selflessly meeting the needs of others, not as a defense mechanism but as a genuine act of kindness. Choice B refers to sublimation, not altruism. Choice C relates to denial, and choice D describes displacement, which are different defense mechanisms. Altruism is about helping others without expecting anything in return, not as a way to cope with emotional conflicts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Displacement is a defense mechanism where emotions are transferred from a threatening object to a nonthreatening one. This allows individuals to redirect their feelings in a safer way. In contrast, choice A refers to altruism, B refers to sublimation, and C refers to denial, all different defense mechanisms not related to displacement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: A defense mechanism where unacceptable personal features are attributed to others. This is known as projection, where individuals unconsciously attribute their own undesirable traits, feelings, or impulses onto others. This defense mechanism allows individuals to avoid dealing with their own uncomfortable emotions by projecting them onto someone else. This helps maintain their self-image and reduces anxiety. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: A defense mechanism where emotional conflicts are addressed by meeting the needs of others. This describes the defense mechanism of altruism, not projection. B: A defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses are substituted with constructive activities. This describes the defense mechanism of sublimation, not projection. C: A defense mechanism where disturbing feelings are constantly denied. This describes the defense mechanism of denial, not projection.