What is fastest system involved in control of [H ]?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: COâ‚‚ excretion by lungs is fastest seconds to alter pH (e.g., hyperventilation). Kidney H excretion takes hours slow. Buffers act instantly chemical, not system. Protein binding assists secondary. Lung speed distinguishes it, critical for acute control, unlike renal or buffer pace.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bowman's capsule encases the glomerulus not ureter (transport), loop of Henle (medulla), or bladder (storage). This specifies filtration anatomy, key for understanding GFR, contrasting with distant structures.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Micturition is urination not defecation (feces), filtration (kidney), or digestion (gut). This terms the voiding process, key for bladder function, contrasting with unrelated actions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Proteinuria is excess protein in urine not glycosuria (glucose), hematuria (blood), or anuria (no urine). This identifies renal damage marker, key for diagnosis, contrasting with other findings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The renal corpuscle (glomerulus + Bowman's capsule) includes mesangial cells (support), filtration slits (podocytes), and glomerulus (capillaries), but macula densa is in the distal tubule, part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus not the corpuscle. This distinguishes structural components, key for filtration anatomy, contrasting with JGA elements.