What is dopamine?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in cognition, motivation, and movement. Dopamine plays a crucial role in various brain functions related to cognition, motivation, and motor control. It is essential in maintaining focus, decision-making, and movement coordination. Dopamine is not primarily associated with mood regulation and arousal (choice B), pain perception and muscle relaxation (choice C), or learning and memory (choice D). These functions are mainly linked to other neurotransmitters like serotonin, endorphins, and acetylcholine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because norepinephrine levels are decreased in depression. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation, arousal, and stress response. Low levels of norepinephrine have been linked to symptoms of depression. Incorrect choices: A: Norepinephrine levels are not typically associated with mania, anxiety, or schizophrenia. C: Parkinson's disease is associated with dopamine depletion, not norepinephrine. D: Alzheimer's disease is not directly related to norepinephrine levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glutamate is a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory. Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, playing a crucial role in synaptic plasticity, which underlies learning and memory processes. It facilitates communication between neurons, enhancing synaptic strength and promoting the formation of new neural connections. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because glutamate's primary role is not in mood regulation, cognition, motivation, or pain perception, although it does play a role in various physiological functions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or injury before it happens. Legislation to ban hazardous products directly addresses the root cause by eliminating the risk factor. Regular exams and screening (B), cardiac rehab programs (C), and support groups (D) are examples of secondary or tertiary prevention, which focus on early detection, management, and support after the disease or injury has occurred.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Antianxiety and sedative. Alprazolam (Xanax) is a benzodiazepine used primarily to treat anxiety disorders and panic attacks due to its anxiolytic and sedative properties. It works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain, which helps to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because alprazolam is not classified as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, or anticonvulsant medication. It is important to differentiate the intended uses of medications to ensure appropriate treatment.