What is displacement?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Displacement is a defense mechanism where emotions are transferred from a threatening object to a nonthreatening one. This allows individuals to redirect their feelings in a safer way. In contrast, choice A refers to altruism, B refers to sublimation, and C refers to denial, all different defense mechanisms not related to displacement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sullivan's interpersonal relationship theory. Peplau was influenced by Sullivan's emphasis on interpersonal relationships in therapy, which aligns with Peplau's focus on nurse-client relationships in her theory of interpersonal relations. This influence is evident in Peplau's emphasis on the therapeutic nurse-client relationship as a central element in psychiatric nursing practice. Summary: B: Freud's psychoanalytic theory does not directly align with Peplau's emphasis on interpersonal relationships. C: Maslow's hierarchy of needs focuses on human motivation, which is different from Peplau's focus on therapeutic relationships. D: Erikson's stages of psychosocial development do not directly relate to Peplau's emphasis on nurse-client relationships in psychiatric nursing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because conversion disorder can manifest in various ways, including involuntary movements, seizures, paralysis, abnormal gait, anesthesia, blindness, deafness, and other sensory deficits. These symptoms are not due to any known medical condition but are believed to be a result of psychological distress. Choices A, B, and C each describe common symptoms associated with conversion disorder, making them incorrect individually. Only by selecting option D can we encompass the range of symptoms typically seen in conversion disorder.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in cognition, motivation, and movement. Dopamine plays a crucial role in various brain functions related to cognition, motivation, and motor control. It is essential in maintaining focus, decision-making, and movement coordination. Dopamine is not primarily associated with mood regulation and arousal (choice B), pain perception and muscle relaxation (choice C), or learning and memory (choice D). These functions are mainly linked to other neurotransmitters like serotonin, endorphins, and acetylcholine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anxiety. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating mood and anxiety. An increase in serotonin levels is associated with decreased anxiety symptoms. In contrast, serotonin levels are often low in depression, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease, so choices B, C, and D are incorrect. In depression, serotonin deficiency is often implicated. Schizophrenia is linked to dopamine and glutamate imbalances, not serotonin. Parkinson's disease is associated with dopamine depletion in the brain, not serotonin. Thus, the correct answer is A based on the role of serotonin in anxiety regulation.