What is denial?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because denial is a defense mechanism where individuals refuse to acknowledge the existence of unpleasant realities to protect themselves from anxiety or distress. Denial involves ignoring or minimizing the significance of a situation or emotion. Choice A is incorrect as it describes altruism, not denial. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to sublimation, not denial. Choice C is incorrect as it is a generalization and does not capture the essence of denial as specifically avoiding or rejecting disturbing feelings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because aged cheese and cured meats are high in tyramine due to the fermentation and aging process. Tyramine forms as proteins break down over time. Fresh fruits and vegetables (choice B) do not contain significant levels of tyramine. Whole grains and legumes (choice C) are also low in tyramine. Dairy products and eggs (choice D) do not typically contain high levels of tyramine. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer based on the foods known to be high in tyramine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Schizophrenia. Dopamine increase is associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations and delusions. In Parkinson's disease, there is a decrease in dopamine. Depression is linked to low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, not dopamine. Anxiety is more related to imbalances in serotonin and GABA, not dopamine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Depression. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating mood. Decreased serotonin levels are commonly associated with depression. Anxiety (A) is more linked to imbalances in other neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and GABA. Schizophrenia (C) is thought to be related to dopamine dysregulation rather than serotonin. Parkinson's disease (D) is primarily associated with a decrease in dopamine levels in the brain.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because GABA is a neurotransmitter that functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, reducing anxiety and excitation by inhibiting neuronal activity. GABA does not directly regulate mood (choice B), cognition and motivation (choice C), or learning and memory (choice D). GABA's primary role is in modulating neuronal activity to maintain balance and prevent overexcitation.