ATI RN
Epidemiology Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is confounding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Confounding (C) distorts exposure-outcome links via a third variable (e.g., age in smoking-cancer studies). A and B are biases, D is random error.
Question 2 of 5
What is the primary purpose of obtaining informed consent from research participants?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Informed consent (C) upholds autonomy (e.g., voluntary choice). A, B, and D are secondary or incorrect.
Question 3 of 5
If a disease has a low prevalence, which value of the diagnostic test is likely to be most affected?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low prevalence lowers PPV (C) as fewer true positives exist (e.g., rare disease testing). A and B are test properties, D stays high.
Question 4 of 5
What is the primary focus of quaternary prevention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quaternary prevention (B) avoids over-treatment (e.g., unnecessary tests). A, C, and D are other levels.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for establishing causality in epidemiology?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bradford Hill criteria exclude anecdotal evidence (D) as unscientific. A, B, and C (strength, temporality, dose-response) are valid.