ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice B 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is/are the major adverse/side effects of regular insulin? Select all that apply
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Hypoglycemia is a major adverse effect of regular insulin. This occurs when insulin lowers blood glucose levels too much, causing symptoms such as sweating, shaking, confusion, and even loss of consciousness if severe.
Question 2 of 5
A neighbor tells nurse Maureen he has to have surgery and is reluctant to have any blood product transfusions because of a fear of contracting an infection. He asks the nurse what are his options. The nurse teaches the person that the safest blood product is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An autologous blood product is the safest option because it involves the patient donating their own blood before surgery, eliminating the risk of transfusion reactions or infections from donor blood. Allogeneic products come from other donors and carry a small risk of infection or incompatibility. Directed donations are from known donors but still carry some risks. Cross-matching ensures compatibility but does not eliminate infection risks. Therefore, autologous donation is the safest choice.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reviewing new medication orders for a patient who has an epidural catheter for pain relief. One of the orders is for enoxaparin (Lovenox), a low“molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). What is the nurse™s priority action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The priority action for the nurse in this situation is to contact the prescriber because the administration of LMWH (such as enoxaparin) is contraindicated in patients with epidural catheters due to the increased risk of spinal or epidural hematoma formation. Spinal or epidural hematoma can lead to serious neurologic complications, including paralysis. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to verify the order with the prescriber and explore alternative anticoagulant options that are safe to use in patients with epidural catheters. Giving the LMWH as ordered without addressing this contraindication could result in harm to the patient.
Question 4 of 5
The following drugs undergo significant enterohepatic circulation:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oestrogens undergo enterohepatic circulation as they are conjugated in the liver, excreted in bile, and reabsorbed in the intestine, prolonging their action.
Question 5 of 5
A 13-year-old female presents with 3 months of easy bruisability and bone pain. Complete blood count shows extreme leukocytosis. She is diagnosed with ALL and begins a chemotherapy regimen. One of her chemotherapeutic drugs is cyclophosphamide. What should also be given to avoid a potentially serious side effect of cyclophosphamide?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cyclophosphamide in ALL risks hemorrhagic cystitis from acrolein, a toxic metabolite. Mesna binds acrolein, preventing bladder damage. Methylene blue , N-acetylcysteine , Ibuprofen , and Succimer (E) don't address this. Mesna's specificity ensures safe chemotherapy, critical in this young patient.