What is another name for the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that project to the heart?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: cardiac accelerator nerve. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers that project to the heart are part of the cardiac accelerator nerves, which increase heart rate and force of contraction. The other choices are incorrect because: A: solitary tract - involved in transmitting sensory information related to taste and visceral sensations. B: vasomotor nerve - regulates blood vessel tone and blood pressure. C: vagus nerve - part of the parasympathetic nervous system and slows down heart rate and decreases force of contraction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Central and peripheral. The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all nerves outside the CNS. This division is essential for understanding the organization and functions of the nervous system. Choice A is incorrect because motor and sensory are functions, not divisions of the nervous system. Choice C is incorrect because the autonomic nervous system is a component of the PNS, not a separate part. Choice D is incorrect because the hypothalamus and cerebral are specific structures within the CNS, not the divisions of the nervous system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased symptoms. Sumatriptan works by constricting blood vessels in the brain, reducing inflammation and pain associated with cluster headaches. Therefore, a decrease in symptoms such as intensity of pain, duration of headache, and associated symptoms indicates that the medication is working effectively. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the absence of headaches may not be realistic, improved neurological function may not be directly related to the medication, and decreased frequency of headaches does not necessarily imply effectiveness in managing the current headache episode.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: demonstrate a resumption of former roles and tasks. This outcome implies that the patient will regain the ability to fulfill their own roles and tasks within the family, indicating improvement in the interrupted family processes. This aligns with the goal of promoting the patient's independence and reducing the burden on other family members. Choice A is incorrect because having the patient assume roles and functions of other family members does not address the underlying issue of the patient's somatic symptom disorder and may lead to further dysfunction within the family. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests the patient should focus on problems in the family, which may not directly address the interrupted family processes related to the patient's symptoms. Choice D is incorrect as it promotes dependency on family members to meet the patient's personal needs, which does not encourage the patient to regain their former roles and tasks within the family.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Define somatic system disorders (SSD) as physical symptoms caused by psychological distress. Step 2: Define dissociative disorders as disruptions in memory, consciousness, or identity due to stress. Step 3: Identify that the primary difference is how stress manifests: SSD through physical symptoms and dissociative disorders through disruptions in memory, consciousness, or identity. Step 4: Choose D as the correct answer as it accurately distinguishes between the two types of disorders. Summary: A: Incorrect, as it inaccurately describes the nature of somatic system and dissociative disorders. B: Incorrect, as it oversimplifies the triggers for each type of disorder. C: Incorrect, as it generalizes the causes of dissociative disorders and somatic system disorders.