What is an important nursing measure in the rehabilitation of an older adult to prevent loss of function from inactivity and immobility?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the rehabilitation of an older adult to prevent loss of function from inactivity and immobility, the important nursing measure is the performance of active and passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises (Option C). This is the correct answer because ROM exercises help maintain joint mobility, prevent contractures, improve circulation, and preserve muscle strength, all of which are essential in preventing functional decline due to immobility. Option A (Using assistive devices such as walkers and canes) is important for facilitating mobility but does not directly address the prevention of loss of function and muscle strength associated with immobility. Option B (Teaching good nutrition to prevent loss of muscle mass) is important for overall health but does not specifically address the need for physical activity to maintain functionality. Option D (Performance of risk appraisals and assessments related to immobility) is important for identifying potential issues but does not actively address the prevention of loss of function through physical activity. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the importance of ROM exercises in older adults' rehabilitation reinforces the significance of physical activity in preserving function and independence. It highlights the role of nurses in promoting mobility and preventing complications associated with immobility in this population.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse is option C: Comfortably position the patient to expose the area and massage the back with effleurage and petrissage strokes. The rationale behind this choice is that gentle massage techniques like effleurage and petrissage can help alleviate mild back pain and promote relaxation, which can be beneficial for a bedridden patient. Additionally, providing hands-on care can also enhance the nurse-patient relationship and improve overall patient comfort. Option A is incorrect as suggesting acupuncture does not directly address the patient's request for a massage. Option B is incorrect because while it is true that massage should typically be done by a licensed therapist, in this case, the nurse can provide a gentle massage within their scope of practice. Option D is also incorrect as it delays addressing the patient's immediate need for comfort and relief by involving physical therapy. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding basic nursing interventions for pain management and comfort measures. Nurses should be aware of simple techniques like effleurage and petrissage that can be safely used to address patient discomfort. It also emphasizes the significance of therapeutic communication and meeting patient needs promptly and effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the common uses of herbal supplements like feverfew is crucial for safe and effective patient care. The correct answer, B) Most commonly used for prevention of migraine headaches, aligns with evidence-based practice. Feverfew has been studied for its potential in reducing the frequency and severity of migraines, making it a common choice for individuals seeking non-pharmacological migraine management. Option A, frequently used for insomnia and anxiety, is incorrect as feverfew is not typically indicated for these conditions. Option C, frequently used to prevent and treat upper respiratory infections, is also incorrect as feverfew is not commonly associated with this use. Option D, often used by perimenopausal women to relieve menopausal symptoms, is incorrect as well, as feverfew is not a standard treatment for menopausal symptoms. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of knowing the specific uses of herbal remedies to provide appropriate care to patients. Understanding the evidence-based indications for herbal supplements like feverfew can guide healthcare providers in recommending safe and effective treatment options for various conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and sleep disorders, understanding parasomnias is crucial. A parasomnia is a type of sleep disorder characterized by abnormal behaviors or experiences during sleep. In this case, the correct answer is D) Sleep terrors. Sleep terrors, also known as night terrors, are a type of parasomnia where the individual experiences intense fear or terror during sleep, often accompanied by screaming or thrashing. This is different from nightmares, which occur during REM sleep. Option A) Cataplexy is not a parasomnia but a symptom of narcolepsy, involving sudden muscle weakness triggered by emotions. Option B) Hypopnea refers to shallow breathing during sleep and is a sign of sleep-disordered breathing, not a parasomnia. Option C) Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep, also not classified as a parasomnia. Educationally, recognizing different sleep disorders, including parasomnias, is essential for healthcare professionals, especially in pharmacology when considering treatment options that may impact sleep patterns. Understanding the distinction between parasomnias and other sleep disorders helps in accurate diagnosis and appropriate management strategies for patients experiencing these conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B, "It’s okay to have my usual two glasses of wine in the evening before bed," indicates a misunderstanding of sleep hygiene practices. Alcohol consumption close to bedtime can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to poor-quality sleep. Therefore, this statement is incorrect and requires further clarification. Option A is correct as it aligns with proper sleep hygiene by suggesting that if unable to fall asleep within 20 minutes, the individual should get up and engage in a quiet activity before trying to sleep again. This helps prevent associating the bed with wakefulness. Option C suggests a light snack before bed, which can promote relaxation and improve sleep quality. This aligns with sleep hygiene practices, making it a suitable choice. Option D recommends exercising earlier in the day, at least 6 hours before bedtime. This is in line with sleep hygiene recommendations as exercising too close to bedtime can stimulate the body and make it harder to fall asleep. Educationally, understanding and implementing sleep hygiene practices are crucial for promoting good sleep habits and overall health. Incorrect practices, such as consuming alcohol before bed, can have detrimental effects on sleep quality. By addressing misconceptions like the one in option B, individuals can improve their sleep hygiene and well-being.