What is an example of a medication that is a bronchodilator

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Albuterol is an example of a bronchodilator medication commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bronchodilators work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, which helps to open up the air passages and improve airflow to the lungs. This action can help relieve symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Albuterol is typically administered via inhalation to provide quick relief during an asthma attack or COPD exacerbation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Methylparaben is a preservative commonly found in local anesthetic solutions. Its function is not as an anesthetic, antioxidant, or antiseptic. Instead, methylparaben is added to local anesthetic solutions as a vasoconstrictor. Vasoconstrictors work by causing blood vessels to narrow, which helps to reduce bleeding and increase the duration and effectiveness of the local anesthetic by slowing down the absorption of anesthesia into the bloodstream.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phenolic germicidal agents are commonly used as disinfectants due to their ability to kill microorganisms. Hexachlorophene is one type of phenolic germicidal agent that has been used as a surgical scrub in the past. It has antiseptic properties and can effectively reduce the number of bacteria on the skin, making it suitable for use in sterile environments such as surgical procedures. While phenolic germicidal agents do possess antibacterial properties, they do not typically have topical anesthetic effects like some other types of disinfectants. Additionally, while phenolic agents are used in various dental procedures, they are not specifically used in root canal therapy. The examples provided in the last statement, formocresol, cresantin, and eugenol, are not phenolic germicidal agents but rather dental materials used for different purposes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction to the patient who is taking clopidogrel (Plavix) and aspirin and is preparing for orthopedic surgery is to continue taking aspirin and stop taking clopidogrel 2 weeks prior to surgery. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that irreversibly inhibits platelet activation and aggregation, which can increase the risk of bleeding during surgery. However, aspirin has a different mechanism of action and does not have as profound an effect on platelet function as clopidogrel. By continuing aspirin and stopping clopidogrel, the patient can still receive some antiplatelet protection while minimizing the bleeding risk associated with clopidogrel. It is important for the nurse to consult with the surgeon to ensure the best course of action for the patient's specific situation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Alpha1-selective adrenergic blocking agents block smooth muscle receptors in the prostate, prostatic capsule, prostatic urethra, and urinary bladder neck, which leads to a relaxation of the bladder and prostate and improved flow of urine in male patients. Although they also block the postsynaptic alpha1-receptor sites, causing a decrease in vascular tone and vasodilation that leads to a fall in blood pressure without the reflex tachycardia that occurs when the presynaptic alpha2-receptor sites are blocked, this is not the purpose for administering the drug to a patient with BPH. They do not reduce the size of the prostate.