ATI RN
Introduction to Pharmacology ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 9
What is an example of a medication that is a bronchodilator
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albuterol is an example of a bronchodilator medication commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bronchodilators work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, which helps to open up the air passages and improve airflow to the lungs. This action can help relieve symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Albuterol is typically administered via inhalation to provide quick relief during an asthma attack or COPD exacerbation.
Question 2 of 9
A 45-year-old woman has just received a kidney transplant. She is placed on several immunosuppressants to prophylactically prevent her body from rejecting the donor organ. Which of the following immunosuppressants interferes with T-cell activation by inhibition of mTOR?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Post-transplant immunosuppression targeting mTOR points to sirolimus . It inhibits T-cell proliferation downstream of IL-2, distinct from azathioprine , cyclosporine , methotrexate , and prednisolone (E). Sirolimus's unique action prevents rejection effectively.
Question 3 of 9
When reviewing the mechanisms of action of diuretics, the nurse knows that which statement is true about loop diuretics?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide and bumetanide, work by inhibiting the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle in the kidney. This mechanism of action leads to a significant diuretic effect. Loop diuretics have a rapid onset of action, typically within 30 minutes of administration, and they cause rapid diuresis. This rapid onset and potent diuretic effect make loop diuretics effective in situations requiring rapid removal of excess fluid, such as heart failure exacerbation or acute pulmonary edema.
Question 4 of 9
The female client has a fungal infection and will receive nystatin (Mycostatin). What assessment data is critical for the nurse to review prior to administering this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nystatin, an antifungal for candidiasis, is Category C, indicating potential fetal risks aren't fully ruled out. Assessing whether the client could be pregnant is critical to evaluate safety, as pregnancy might necessitate alternative treatments or physician consultation to avoid harm. Diet type or fat content minimally affects nystatin's topical or oral efficacy, unrelated to its safety profile. Height and weight influence dosing for some drugs, but nystatin's standard dosing isn't weight-based for most indications. Pregnancy status directly impacts risk-benefit decisions, especially for a reproductive-age female, aligning with pharmacological precautions. The nurse's review of this data ensures no teratogenic effects are risked unknowingly, making C the most critical assessment prior to administration.
Question 5 of 9
What is an example of a medication that is a bronchodilator
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albuterol is an example of a bronchodilator medication commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bronchodilators work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, which helps to open up the air passages and improve airflow to the lungs. This action can help relieve symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Albuterol is typically administered via inhalation to provide quick relief during an asthma attack or COPD exacerbation.
Question 6 of 9
Methylparaben is a component of Local Anesthetic solution whose function is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methylparaben is a preservative commonly found in local anesthetic solutions. Its function is not as an anesthetic, antioxidant, or antiseptic. Instead, methylparaben is added to local anesthetic solutions as a vasoconstrictor. Vasoconstrictors work by causing blood vessels to narrow, which helps to reduce bleeding and increase the duration and effectiveness of the local anesthetic by slowing down the absorption of anesthesia into the bloodstream.
Question 7 of 9
The nurse is determining a patient's gastric residual before administering an enteral feeding; the last feeding was 240 mL. The patient will be discharged on enteral feedings. It is important to include in the teaching plan that a residual of more than which amount would indicate delayed gastric emptying (based on the last feeding)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A gastric residual volume of more than 60 mL (or 25% of the last feeding) suggests delayed gastric emptying, which increases the risk of aspiration. The nurse should hold the feeding and reassess if the residual exceeds this threshold. Higher residuals (B, C, D) are not acceptable indicators.
Question 8 of 9
Anticipatory nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy occurs:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anticipatory nausea and vomiting occur before chemotherapy administration and are a conditioned response to previous chemotherapy experiences. This psychological response is triggered by cues such as the sight or smell of the treatment environment. It is distinct from acute or delayed nausea and vomiting, which occur during or after chemotherapy. Anticipatory nausea and vomiting can be challenging to manage and often require behavioral interventions or anti-anxiety medications.
Question 9 of 9
A 20-year-old woman who is 15 weeks pregnant is admitted feverish and dehydrated with acute severe asthma associated with a community-acquired pneumonia. She has a history of angioedema following a cephalosporin. Which of the following is not appropriate therapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute asthma and pneumonia in pregnancy require urgent care. IV crystalloids rehydrate, safe and necessary. High FiO2 (40%) supports oxygenation in asthma/pneumonia, appropriate. Nebulized salbutamol, a beta-agonist, relieves bronchospasm, standard and safe. IV hydrocortisone reduces inflammation, suitable. IV gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, treats pneumonia but is inappropriate due to cephalosporin cross-reactivity risk (angioedema history) and fetal ototoxicity concerns, making it unsafe here. Alternative antibiotics (e.g., macrolides) are preferred, prioritizing maternal and fetal safety.