What is a surgical procedure for diverting the passage of urine?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urostomy. A urostomy is a surgical procedure that diverts the passage of urine from the bladder to a stoma on the abdomen. It is typically done when the bladder is not functioning properly. A colostomy (A) diverts the passage of feces, not urine. An ileostomy (B) diverts the passage of feces from the ileum. A gastrostomy (D) is a surgical opening into the stomach for feeding purposes, not for diverting urine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gangrene. Gangrene refers to the death of body tissue due to a lack of blood supply or bacterial infection. Eczema (choice A) is a skin condition characterized by inflammation and itching, not tissue death. Hematoma (choice B) is a collection of blood outside of blood vessels. Psoriasis (choice D) is a chronic autoimmune skin condition, not related to tissue death. Therefore, the term "gangrene" specifically describes the death of tissue, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Trachea. The trachea is an air passage that connects the pharynx to the bronchi, allowing air to pass into the lungs. The epiglottis (choice A) is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing. Sphincter (choice C) refers to a ring-like muscle that controls the opening and closing of a passage, not an air passage itself. Ventricle (choice D) is a term used in the context of the heart for one of the chambers that pumps blood, not related to the air passage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pupil. The pupil is the part of the eye that opens and closes to regulate the amount of light entering the eye. It is controlled by the iris, which is a circular muscle surrounding the pupil. The other choices, A: Sclera, is the white outer layer of the eye that provides structure and protection. B: Iris, controls the size of the pupil and gives the eye its color. D: Cornea, is the transparent outer layer that helps focus incoming light onto the retina. Thus, the correct answer is C as it directly relates to the function of adjusting to light.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Excessive urination. In diabetes, high blood sugar levels lead to increased urine production, causing frequent urination. This is known as polyuria, a common symptom of diabetes. Excessive urination can result in dehydration. Choices A, B, and D are not signs of diabetes. Moist firm skin and unexplained weight gain are not typical symptoms, while low blood pressure is not directly related to diabetes.