What is a side effect of Heparin?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A common side effect of Heparin, which is an anticoagulant medication, is the risk of bleeding. Heparin works by preventing the formation of blood clots, which can lead to a bleeding risk as it inhibits the normal clotting process. Patients taking Heparin should be monitored closely for signs of bleeding, such as easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, or blood in the urine or stools. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor patients on Heparin therapy and adjust the dosage as needed to minimize the risk of excessive bleeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that works by preventing the formation of blood clots. One of the main side effects of heparin therapy is an increased risk of bleeding. Since heparin inhibits the body's ability to clot blood, it can lead to easy bruising, nosebleeds, gastrointestinal bleeding, or bleeding at the injection site. Patients on heparin therapy must be closely monitored for signs of bleeding, and their dosage may need to be adjusted to minimize this risk.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: ACE inhibitors, such as enalapril and lisinopril, work by blocking the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is responsible for converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II. By inhibiting this conversion, ACE inhibitors prevent the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-stimulating effects of angiotensin II at the receptor sites. This leads to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and reduced aldosterone secretion. This mechanism of action makes ACE inhibitors an important class of medications for managing conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Morphine overdose is a medical emergency that can result in respiratory depression and potentially lead to death. Naloxone is a medication used to counteract the effects of opioids like morphine by binding to the same receptors in the brain and reversing the respiratory depression. Naloxone works quickly to restore normal breathing and consciousness in individuals who have overdosed on morphine. It is a critical intervention used to prevent fatal outcomes of opioid overdose, including morphine. Other options like Vitamin K, time, and grapefruit juice are not effective treatments for morphine overdose.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent, which means it works by inhibiting the breakdown of blood clots. It does this by blocking the activation of plasmin, which is responsible for breaking down fibrin clots. This action helps in promoting clot stability and reducing bleeding. Tranexamic acid is commonly used to treat or prevent excessive bleeding in various conditions, such as heavy menstrual bleeding, surgery, trauma, and certain medical procedures.