What is a side effect for Phenytoin?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phenytoin is an antiepileptic medication that is used to control seizures. One of the common side effects of phenytoin is the development of tremors, which are involuntary shaking movements of the body. Patients taking phenytoin may experience tremors as a result of the medication's effects on the central nervous system. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients taking phenytoin for the development of tremors and manage them accordingly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lithium is a medication commonly used to treat bipolar disorder. One of the major side effects of lithium therapy is the risk of developing seizures, especially when the blood level of lithium becomes too high (lithium toxicity). Therefore, it is crucial to monitor patients on lithium therapy for signs of seizures, such as convulsions, loss of consciousness, or twitching. Monitoring lithium levels regularly and adjusting the dosage as needed can help reduce the risk of seizures in patients taking this medication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Furosemide belongs to the class of drugs known as loop diuretics. These diuretics act on the thick ascending loop of Henle in the kidney to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to increased urine production and subsequent fluid loss. Loop diuretics are commonly used to treat conditions such as heart failure, hypertension, and edema. Furosemide is a widely prescribed loop diuretic known for its potent diuretic effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phenytoin (Dilantin) belongs to the therapeutic class of anticonvulsants. Anticonvulsants are medications primarily used to treat and prevent seizures and are commonly prescribed for patients with epilepsy. Phenytoin works by stabilizing the electrical activity in the brain to prevent abnormal brain activity that leads to seizures. It is not classified as a mood stabilizer or bronchodilator; its main purpose is to control epileptic seizures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sympathomimetic amines are compounds that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. Options A, C, D, and E (epinephrine, norepinephrine, levonordefrin, and phenylephrine) are all sympathomimetic amines commonly used in dentistry for their vasoconstrictive properties. Felypressin, on the other hand, is a synthetic vasopressin analog and does not have sympathomimetic properties. It is commonly used in dentistry as a local vasoconstrictor to prolong the anesthetic effect.