What is a severe adverse effect of warfarin?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A severe adverse effect of warfarin is bleeding. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting blood clotting factors, which can lead to an increased risk of bleeding. Excessive bleeding can occur internally or externally, and it is crucial for individuals taking warfarin to be aware of this potential complication and seek medical attention if they experience any signs of bleeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Patients taking ACE inhibitors should avoid salt substitutes as they often contain potassium, which can lead to hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium in the blood that can be dangerous, especially for patients on ACE inhibitors. Therefore, it is important for the patient to avoid salt substitutes to prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology, Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator primarily used to treat angina by dilating coronary arteries. The correct answer is D because nitroglycerin works by relaxing and dilating the blood vessels, particularly the coronary arteries, which increases blood flow to the heart muscle and reduces the workload on the heart. This action helps to relieve chest pain associated with angina. Option A, dilating the bronchi, is incorrect because nitroglycerin does not have a significant effect on the bronchi. Option B, reducing blood glucose, is incorrect as nitroglycerin does not directly impact blood glucose levels. Option C, reducing nausea, is incorrect as nitroglycerin is not indicated for this purpose. Understanding the action of nitroglycerin is crucial for nursing students and healthcare professionals as it is a commonly used medication in the management of angina and acute coronary syndromes. Knowing how nitroglycerin works helps in providing safe and effective care to patients with cardiovascular conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nitroglycerin is primarily used for the relief or prevention of anginal attacks. It works by dilating blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle, thereby relieving chest pain caused by angina. The medication is not indicated for diuresis, antiemetic effects, or anxiety relief.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Warfarin is classified as an anticoagulant, which means its primary function is to prevent the formation of blood clots. By inhibiting the synthesis of certain clotting factors in the liver, warfarin reduces the blood's ability to clot, making it an important medication in preventing conditions like strokes and deep vein thrombosis.