What is a risk factor for PPH found in the prenatal record?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: von Willebrand disorder. This is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) as it can lead to abnormal bleeding during and after childbirth. von Willebrand disorder is a hereditary bleeding disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot properly. This can increase the likelihood of excessive bleeding during delivery, putting the mother at risk for PPH. Choice A: primipara is incorrect, as being a first-time mother (primipara) is not a direct risk factor for PPH. Choice B: rubella nonimmune is incorrect, as rubella immunity status is not directly related to the risk of PPH. Choice D: history of appendectomy is incorrect, as a previous appendectomy is not a known risk factor for PPH. In summary, the presence of von Willebrand disorder in the prenatal record is a significant risk factor for PPH due to its impact on blood clotting ability during childbirth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: risk for fluid overload. A person with a coagulation disorder is at risk for excessive bleeding, which may lead to fluid overload due to blood loss and subsequent fluid replacement. This nursing diagnosis addresses the potential complications related to fluid imbalance in this population. Incorrect choices: A: risk for bleeding - While bleeding is a concern for someone with a coagulation disorder, this choice does not address the potential fluid overload that may result from excessive bleeding. C: risk for breast-feeding failure - This choice is not relevant to the immediate health concerns of a person with a coagulation disorder. D: risk for hypertension - Hypertension is not directly related to a coagulation disorder, therefore this choice is not appropriate as a nursing diagnosis in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: shiny, hard breast. Engorgement is characterized by a significant increase in blood and lymph fluid in the breast tissue, causing the breasts to become swollen, shiny, and hard. This occurs when milk production exceeds removal, leading to congestion and inflammation. Protuberant nipples (A) may be a result of engorgement but are not a defining symptom. Insufficient milk production (C) is not a symptom of engorgement but rather a separate issue related to milk supply. Soft, lumpy breast (D) is more indicative of a blocked duct or mastitis, not engorgement.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because skin-to-skin contact promotes bonding, regulates the baby's temperature, and encourages breastfeeding. This guidance is crucial for newborns in the NICU to establish a strong connection with their caregiver and support breastfeeding. Choice A is incorrect as breast milk is highly beneficial for premature babies. Choice B is incorrect because premature babies may struggle with breastfeeding due to their developmental stage. Choice D is incorrect as bottles are not recommended for all feedings, especially for premature infants who may have difficulty latching and feeding effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Scrub the incision well twice daily. This is the correct answer because it emphasizes proper hygiene to prevent infection without causing harm to the incision site. Cleaning the incision twice daily helps to keep it clean and reduce the risk of infection. B: Removing the dressing the day after birth is incorrect as it may disrupt the healing process and increase the risk of infection. C: Staples being removed the day after birth is incorrect because staple removal timing varies depending on individual healing progress and is typically done by a healthcare provider. D: Vertical incisions healing faster with less pain is incorrect as healing time and pain tolerance vary among individuals and are not solely determined by the incision type.