What is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of maternal and reproductive health nursing, understanding risk factors for osteoporosis is crucial for providing comprehensive care to women. The correct answer, option D - Heavy alcohol intake, is a known risk factor for osteoporosis. Alcohol can interfere with calcium absorption and bone formation, leading to decreased bone density and increased fracture risk. Option A - Multiparity, might seem plausible as pregnancy and breastfeeding can impact bone health due to increased calcium demands. However, multiparity alone is not a direct risk factor for osteoporosis unless accompanied by other factors like inadequate calcium intake or hormonal imbalances. Option B - Increased body weight, is actually considered a protective factor against osteoporosis as it can provide additional mechanical stress on bones, promoting bone density. Option C - Late onset of menopause, is generally considered a protective factor as estrogen levels remain higher for a longer period, which helps maintain bone density. Educationally, it is important for nurses to be able to identify and educate patients on modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis. By understanding the impact of lifestyle choices such as heavy alcohol intake on bone health, nurses can empower women to make informed decisions to prevent osteoporosis and reduce fracture risk.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Dental caries and scars on her knuckles. The signs/symptoms of bulimia nervosa include repeated episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives/diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise. Dental caries result from exposure of teeth to stomach acid during vomiting. Scars on knuckles, known as Russell's sign, are caused by repeated contact of the teeth with the knuckles during induced vomiting. Option A) Significant weight loss and hyperkalemia are not specific to bulimia; significant weight fluctuations are more common. Hyperkalemia is not a typical finding in bulimia. Option B) Respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia are more commonly seen in conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, not specifically in bulimia. Option D) Hyperglycemia and large urine output are not typical signs of bulimia; these are more indicative of conditions like diabetes mellitus. Educationally, it is important for nurses to recognize the signs and symptoms of eating disorders like bulimia to provide appropriate care and support to clients. Understanding these manifestations helps in early identification and intervention, leading to better outcomes for individuals struggling with such disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the school nurse to take when noticing a young woman with scars on her knuckles running to the bathroom after lunch is to recommend that the young woman be seen by her doctor (Option C). This response is appropriate because it acknowledges the potential underlying issues that may be causing the visible scars and prompts for further evaluation by a healthcare provider. Option A is incorrect because it dismisses the possibility of an underlying problem and neglects the duty of the school nurse to ensure the well-being of students. Option B, while well-intentioned, may not be the most appropriate initial action as questioning the young woman directly could be invasive and may not yield accurate information. Option D, following the young woman to the bathroom, could violate her privacy and is not a professional or respectful approach to addressing the situation. From an educational standpoint, it is crucial for school nurses to be vigilant in identifying signs of potential abuse or self-harm among students. By recommending that the young woman be seen by her doctor, the nurse is taking a proactive step in advocating for the student's health and well-being, as well as facilitating appropriate follow-up care and support. This response underscores the importance of sensitivity, professionalism, and adherence to ethical guidelines in school nursing practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) "Women who are abused often have injuries like yours." This response demonstrates empathy, validation, and a non-judgmental approach, which are essential when addressing potential cases of domestic violence. By acknowledging the possible underlying issue of abuse, the nurse opens the door for the woman to disclose more information and seek help without feeling blamed or pressured. This statement also conveys understanding and support, fostering trust between the nurse and the patient. Option A is incorrect because mandatory reporting laws typically require healthcare providers to report suspected cases of abuse to appropriate authorities, not necessarily the police department directly. It is important to follow proper reporting procedures to ensure the safety of the patient. Option C is inappropriate as it oversimplifies the complex issue of domestic violence. Leaving an abusive partner can be a difficult and dangerous process that requires careful planning and support. Telling a patient to leave without considering the potential risks involved is not a recommended approach. Option D is also incorrect as it implies victim-blaming by suggesting that the woman's actions may have caused the abuse. This kind of statement can further disempower the victim and perpetuate the cycle of abuse. In the context of maternal and reproductive health nursing, it is crucial for nurses to be well-versed in recognizing signs of domestic violence and providing appropriate support and resources to affected individuals. By using a patient-centered and trauma-informed approach, nurses can effectively address these sensitive issues and help promote the well-being and safety of their patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the most accurate assessment for a young woman admitted without memory of the previous evening is option D, which states that the woman unknowingly ingested a date rape drug. This answer is correct because it aligns with the common presentation of individuals who have been drugged without their knowledge, resulting in memory loss and confusion. Option A, stating that the woman is spoiled and seeking attention, is incorrect and inappropriate as it attaches blame to the woman without considering the possibility of foul play. Option B, suggesting a psychotic break, is also incorrect as it does not align with the lack of memory specifically related to the previous evening. Option C, indicating regret over consensual sex, is invalid as it does not explain the memory loss and does not consider the potential involvement of a date rape drug. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in maternal and reproductive health nursing, to be able to recognize signs of potential sexual assault and provide appropriate care and support to victims. Understanding the effects of date rape drugs, the importance of trauma-informed care, and the significance of non-judgmental assessment are essential components of nursing education in this field. By choosing the correct answer, nurses can ensure proper care for patients in vulnerable situations.