What is a long and healthy life dependent upon?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and medical-surgical care, understanding the factors that contribute to a long and healthy life is essential for healthcare professionals. The correct answer, "D) Interest in life," is rooted in the concept of psychosocial well-being and its impact on overall health. Having a genuine interest in life promotes mental and emotional health, which in turn can positively influence physical well-being. This option emphasizes the importance of maintaining a positive outlook, engaging in activities that bring joy and fulfillment, and fostering social connections. Option A, "A diet high in animal fat, cholesterol, and calories," is incorrect because such a diet is associated with various health risks, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and metabolic disorders. Healthcare providers emphasize the importance of a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins for optimal health. Option B, "Early retirement from work," is incorrect as there is no direct correlation between retirement age and longevity. Factors such as financial stability, social engagement, and continued intellectual stimulation play a more significant role in overall health and well-being. Option C, "Vigorous physical activity once a week," while promoting exercise, is not sufficient for maintaining a long and healthy life. Regular physical activity, along with a balanced diet, adequate sleep, stress management, and preventive healthcare measures, are key components of a healthy lifestyle. Educationally, this question underscores the holistic approach to healthcare, highlighting the interconnectedness of physical, mental, and emotional well-being in promoting longevity and quality of life. It emphasizes the significance of psychosocial factors in health outcomes and reinforces the importance of patient-centered care that addresses the diverse needs of individuals beyond just physical symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and medical-surgical care, discharge planning is a critical component of patient care to ensure a smooth transition from the hospital to home. The ideal approach involves the professional nurse and the patient (Option B) collaborating to develop a comprehensive discharge plan. The professional nurse is pivotal in this process due to their clinical expertise in medication management, patient education, and care coordination. They can assess the patient's understanding of their medications, provide important instructions on drug administration, monitor for potential side effects, and address any concerns or questions the patient may have. Involving the patient directly also promotes patient autonomy, empowerment, and compliance with the discharge plan. The other options are not as ideal for discharge planning in pharmacology. Practical nurses (Option A) may not have the same level of clinical knowledge and assessment skills as professional nurses. Involving only the patient and their family (Option C) may lack the expertise needed for complex medication regimens and potential interactions. Public health nurses (Option D) focus more on community health and prevention rather than individualized medication management. Educationally, understanding the importance of involving the professional nurse and the patient in discharge planning reinforces the collaborative nature of healthcare delivery and the need for tailored, patient-centered care in pharmacology and medical-surgical settings. It highlights the significance of effective communication, patient education, and continuity of care in promoting positive patient outcomes post-discharge.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and medical-surgical care, understanding the interpretation of a positive reaction to the standard intermediate strength PPD (Purified Protein Derivative) is crucial. The correct answer, option D, "Have been exposed to active tuberculosis," is the most accurate because a positive PPD means that an individual has been exposed to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis at some point in their life. This exposure triggers an immune response leading to a positive PPD test result. Option A, "Have active tuberculosis," is incorrect because a positive PPD does not necessarily indicate active disease, but rather exposure. Option B, "Are 'carriers' of tuberculosis," is also incorrect as carriers typically refer to individuals who have the bacteria in their system but do not show symptoms or transmit the disease. Option C, "Have already transmitted tuberculosis to their children," is incorrect as a positive PPD does not indicate active transmission but rather past exposure. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the implications of diagnostic tests in assessing disease exposure versus active infection. It emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to interpret results accurately to provide appropriate care and preventive measures for patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Prevent damage to nerves and circulation. In the context of a surgical procedure, removing a tightly rolled blanket from under Mrs. West's knees is crucial to prevent damage to nerves and circulation. When a blanket is tightly rolled under the knees, it can exert pressure on the nerves and blood vessels in the popliteal fossa, potentially leading to impaired circulation and nerve damage. This can increase the risk of complications such as pressure ulcers, nerve injury, or compromised blood flow during surgery. Option B) Provide a flat surface for the sterile field is incorrect because while maintaining a flat surface for the sterile field is important in surgery, the primary reason for removing the rolled blanket is to ensure the patient's safety and prevent complications related to nerve and circulation damage. Option C) Stretch lower leg muscles to prevent strain is incorrect as the main concern in this scenario is not about stretching lower leg muscles but rather about preventing nerve and circulation damage due to the pressure from the tightly rolled blanket. Option D) Facilitate access to the surgical site is incorrect because the reason for removing the tightly rolled blanket is primarily related to patient safety and preventing complications, rather than facilitating access to the surgical site. Understanding the rationale behind removing a tightly rolled blanket from under a patient's knees is essential for perioperative nurses and surgical team members to ensure patient safety and optimize surgical outcomes. It highlights the importance of proper positioning and pressure redistribution to prevent patient harm during surgical procedures.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In Mrs. West's situation with wound separation and purulent drainage, the best evaluation is option A: "This response is consistent with the inflammatory process." This is the correct answer because wound separation and purulent drainage are signs of inflammation, which is a normal part of the healing process in response to tissue injury or infection. Understanding the inflammatory process is crucial in assessing wound healing and identifying complications. Option B, "Some drainage is to be expected from a surgical incision," is incorrect because while some serous drainage may be expected initially, purulent drainage indicates an infection or inadequate wound healing. Option C, "This response indicates a break in sterile technique has occurred," is incorrect as wound separation and purulent drainage are more indicative of the body's response to infection or inadequate healing rather than solely a sterile technique issue. Option D, "This wound is healing by first intention," is incorrect because wound healing by first intention involves minimal tissue loss and precise wound closure without complications such as wound separation and purulent drainage. Educationally, understanding the different types of wound healing and recognizing signs of inflammation and infection is essential for healthcare professionals to provide appropriate care, prevent complications, and promote optimal patient outcomes in the medical-surgical setting.