What is a device that delivers a fine spray of medication into the airways?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nebulizer. A nebulizer is a device that delivers medication in the form of a fine spray into the airways, making it easier for the patient to inhale the medication and reach the lungs. It is commonly used for treating respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD. Inhalers (B) deliver medication in a different format, through a measured dose of medication in aerosol form. Oxygen concentrators (C) provide supplemental oxygen and do not deliver medication. Peak flow meters (D) are used to measure the peak expiratory flow rate and are not used to deliver medication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction due to conditions such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. This is because COPD causes damage to the airways and alveoli, leading to decreased airflow. Asthma (B) is a chronic inflammatory disease with reversible airflow obstruction. Pulmonary edema (C) is caused by fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing but is not characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction. Bronchiectasis (D) involves the widening and scarring of the airways, leading to recurrent infections, but it is not specifically characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pleural effusion. Pleural effusion is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, commonly caused by infections or malignancies. This condition leads to symptoms like chest pain and difficulty breathing. Pneumothorax (B) is the presence of air in the pleural space, not fluid. Pulmonary edema (C) is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs' air sacs, not the pleural space. Atelectasis (D) is the collapse of a lung or part of a lung, not fluid accumulation in the pleural space.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diuretic therapy. This is because diuretics are medications used to remove excess fluid from the body, including the lungs. By increasing urine output, diuretics help reduce fluid buildup in the lungs, making it easier to breathe. Oxygen therapy (B) delivers oxygen to the lungs but does not involve removing fluid. Inhaler therapy (C) is used for respiratory conditions like asthma but does not remove fluid from the lungs. Antihistamine therapy (D) is used to treat allergies and does not address fluid buildup in the lungs. Thus, diuretic therapy is the most appropriate choice for removing fluid from the lungs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stroke. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to brain tissue not receiving enough oxygen and nutrients. This can result in permanent brain damage or even death. Choice B: Heart attack, involves a blockage in the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle, not the brain. Choice C: Pulmonary embolism, is a blockage in the arteries of the lungs, not the brain. Choice D: Pneumonia, is an infection in the lungs and does not directly involve the brain's blood supply. In summary, a stroke specifically affects the brain's blood supply and can lead to serious consequences, unlike the other conditions mentioned.