What is a core competency required of public health nurses (PHNs)?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Skill in developing policy and planning programs to improve health, as it is a core competency required of public health nurses (PHNs). PHNs play a crucial role in developing and implementing public health policies and programs to improve community health outcomes. They need to have a deep understanding of health policy, program planning, and evaluation to effectively address public health issues. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: Advanced knowledge in the use of high-technology diagnostics is not a core competency for PHNs. While PHNs may use technology in their practice, their primary focus is on population health and preventive care rather than high-tech diagnostics. B: Familiarity with current life-support technology is more relevant to critical care nurses or emergency room nurses, rather than PHNs who focus on community health. C: Highly tuned skills for assessment of critically ill clients are important for acute care nurses, but PHNs focus on population-based health promotion and disease prevention rather than individual patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it implies that the parish nurse's role is solely to help clients identify their spiritual strengths, which is a limited view of pastoral care. Pastoral care involves holistic support, including emotional, social, and spiritual aspects. B is not the correct answer as it is incomplete. C is not the correct answer as involving the pastor in ministering to the congregation is a valid form of pastoral care. D is not the correct answer as emphasizing the spiritual dimension of nursing is a key aspect of pastoral care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Teaching self-care to the client. This is because empowering the client to perform self-care tasks promotes independence and self-esteem. By teaching the client self-care techniques, the home health nurse helps the client regain control over their daily activities. This approach fosters self-reliance and encourages the client to actively participate in their own care, leading to better outcomes in rehabilitation. Choice A is incorrect because relying solely on private duty nurses may hinder the client's independence and self-efficacy. Choice B is also not the best option as simply assisting the client with ADLs does not encourage the client to develop skills for self-care. Choice D is not ideal as it shifts the responsibility to the family rather than empowering the client directly. Ultimately, teaching self-care to the client is the most effective way to support their recovery and enhance their quality of life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This activity is focused on preventing vision problems before they occur, making it a primary prevention measure. By conducting visual acuity testing for all students, the CHN aims to identify potential issues early on and provide interventions to promote eye health. Secondary prevention (B) would involve early detection and treatment of existing vision problems, while tertiary prevention (C) would focus on managing and reducing the impact of already diagnosed vision issues. Choice D is incorrect because the activity is primarily aimed at preventing vision problems rather than detecting and treating existing ones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. The OHN conducting spirometry testing for employees working with hazardous gases is practicing secondary prevention. This is because spirometry testing helps in early detection of lung function abnormalities, allowing for timely interventions to prevent further health deterioration. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of a disease, while tertiary prevention involves managing and treating existing conditions. Tertiary care typically refers to specialized medical treatment for complex health issues, which is not the main focus of spirometry testing in this scenario.