ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is a condition where the lungs become stiff and scarred, making it difficult to breathe and get enough oxygen into the bloodstream?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by stiff and scarred lungs, leading to breathing difficulties and reduced oxygen intake. This occurs due to the formation of excessive connective tissue in the lungs, impairing their ability to expand and contract properly. Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, not scarring. Pulmonary embolism is the blockage of a blood vessel in the lungs by a blood clot. Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, not related to lung stiffness or scarring.
Question 2 of 5
What is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged or diseased heart valve with a prosthetic valve?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Valve replacement. This surgical procedure involves replacing a damaged or diseased heart valve with a prosthetic valve to restore proper heart function. It is specifically targeted at addressing heart valve issues, making it the most appropriate choice. Angioplasty (B) is a procedure to open blocked arteries, not related to heart valve replacement. Stent placement (C) involves inserting a mesh tube to keep arteries open, not addressing heart valve issues. Bypass surgery (D) is performed to improve blood flow to the heart muscle, not focused on replacing heart valves. Thus, A is the correct choice for the given question.
Question 3 of 5
Which type of medication helps to reduce blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Calcium channel blocker. These medications work by blocking calcium from entering the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels, causing them to relax and dilate, which leads to a decrease in blood pressure. ACE inhibitors (B) work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, causing blood vessels to dilate. Beta-blockers (C) decrease heart rate and contractility but do not directly relax blood vessels. Diuretics (D) increase urine output to lower blood volume and pressure but do not directly act on blood vessels.
Question 4 of 5
Which procedure is used to restore a normal heart rhythm in patients with arrhythmias, typically using electrical shocks?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sure! Cardioversion is the correct answer because it is the procedure used to restore normal heart rhythm in patients with arrhythmias by delivering synchronized electrical shocks. This method is specifically used for irregular heart rhythms that are not immediately life-threatening. Defibrillation, while also using electrical shocks, is used for life-threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. Ablation involves the destruction of abnormal heart tissue causing arrhythmias, and angioplasty is a procedure to open blocked arteries, not related to restoring heart rhythm.
Question 5 of 5
What is a type of medication that helps to prevent blood clots by thinning the blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anticoagulant. Anticoagulants prevent blood clots by inhibiting the blood's ability to clot. They do not actually thin the blood, but rather prevent clots from forming. Beta-blockers (B), ACE inhibitors (C), and Calcium channel blockers (D) are not used to prevent blood clots. Beta-blockers are used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions, ACE inhibitors are used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure, and Calcium channel blockers are used to treat high blood pressure and certain heart conditions.