ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is a condition where the heart is unable to relax properly between beats, reducing its ability to fill with blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diastolic heart failure. In diastolic heart failure, the heart is unable to relax properly during the filling phase (diastole), leading to impaired filling of the ventricles. This results in decreased blood supply to the body. Systolic heart failure, on the other hand, is characterized by the heart's inability to contract effectively during the ejection phase (systole). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, affecting its function. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by stiffening of the heart muscle, impairing its ability to relax and fill properly, but it is different from diastolic heart failure.
Question 2 of 5
What is a chronic condition where the airways in the lungs become damaged and widened, leading to mucus buildup and frequent infections?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchiectasis. This condition involves permanent widening and damage to the airways, leading to mucus accumulation and recurrent infections. Chronic bronchitis (B) primarily involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes without permanent widening. Pneumoconiosis (C) is a group of lung diseases caused by inhaling mineral dust, not directly related to airway damage. Asthma (D) is characterized by reversible airway constriction and inflammation, not permanent widening like in bronchiectasis.
Question 3 of 5
What is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs, leading to fluid or pus accumulation. This is a common respiratory condition characterized by symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Pleurisy (C) is inflammation of the pleura surrounding the lungs, not the air sacs. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs but does not specifically mention inflammation and pus in the air sacs. Pulmonary edema (D) is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs but is not caused by an infection like pneumonia.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is a chronic condition characterized by difficulty breathing due to airflow obstruction, commonly associated with long-term smoking?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction and difficulty breathing. 2. COPD is commonly linked to long-term smoking due to the damage caused to the lungs. 3. Asthma involves airway inflammation and reversible airflow obstruction, not necessarily linked to smoking. 4. Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the lungs, not directly related to smoking. 5. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not synonymous with airflow obstruction. Summary: COPD is the correct answer as it aligns with the chronic condition characterized by airflow obstruction due to long-term smoking, distinguishing it from the other choices.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is a rare genetic disorder that affects the lungs, liver, and skin, causing the buildup of a specific protein that damages organs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is the correct answer. This disorder affects the lungs, liver, and skin due to the buildup of a specific protein (alpha-1 antitrypsin) that damages organs. This deficiency can lead to lung and liver diseases. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the lungs and digestive system, not the liver and skin. Wegener's granulomatosis is a condition that affects the blood vessels, lungs, and kidneys, not the liver. Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that affects the heart, blood vessels, bones, and eyes, not the lungs, liver, and skin.