ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is a condition where the airways become swollen and produce extra mucus, making it difficult to breathe, often associated with COPD?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the airways leading to excess mucus production. 2. It is a common symptom of COPD, obstructing airflow and causing breathing difficulties. 3. Pneumonia, emphysema, and tuberculosis do not primarily involve airway inflammation and mucus production as seen in chronic bronchitis.
Question 2 of 5
What is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs, leading to fluid or pus accumulation. This is a common respiratory condition characterized by symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Pleurisy (C) is inflammation of the pleura surrounding the lungs, not the air sacs. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs but does not specifically mention inflammation and pus in the air sacs. Pulmonary edema (D) is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs but is not caused by an infection like pneumonia.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is a chronic condition characterized by difficulty breathing due to airflow obstruction, commonly associated with long-term smoking?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction and difficulty breathing. 2. COPD is commonly linked to long-term smoking due to the damage caused to the lungs. 3. Asthma involves airway inflammation and reversible airflow obstruction, not necessarily linked to smoking. 4. Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the lungs, not directly related to smoking. 5. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not synonymous with airflow obstruction. Summary: COPD is the correct answer as it aligns with the chronic condition characterized by airflow obstruction due to long-term smoking, distinguishing it from the other choices.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is a rare genetic disorder that affects the lungs, liver, and skin, causing the buildup of a specific protein that damages organs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is the correct answer. This disorder affects the lungs, liver, and skin due to the buildup of a specific protein (alpha-1 antitrypsin) that damages organs. This deficiency can lead to lung and liver diseases. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the lungs and digestive system, not the liver and skin. Wegener's granulomatosis is a condition that affects the blood vessels, lungs, and kidneys, not the liver. Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that affects the heart, blood vessels, bones, and eyes, not the lungs, liver, and skin.
Question 5 of 5
What procedure involves inserting a needle into the pleural space to remove excess fluid and help the patient breathe more easily?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thoracentesis. This procedure involves inserting a needle into the pleural space to drain excess fluid, which can accumulate due to conditions like pleural effusion or pneumonia, helping the patient breathe easier. It's performed under ultrasound guidance, ensuring precise fluid removal without damaging nearby structures. Thoracentesis is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, providing fluid for analysis and relieving symptoms of dyspnea. Summary: B: Bronchoscopy is a procedure to visualize the airways using a thin, flexible tube and is not used for draining pleural fluid. C: Spirometry is a lung function test measuring airflow and is not a procedure for removing pleural fluid. D: Arterial blood gas (ABG) is a blood test to assess oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood and is not related to removing pleural fluid.