What is a condition where the airways become inflamed and narrow, making breathing difficult?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Asthma is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing. This is due to various triggers causing the airways to become inflamed, swollen, and produce excess mucus, resulting in constriction and breathing difficulties. Bronchitis, Pleurisy, and Tuberculosis do not directly involve narrowing of the airways as their primary mechanism, making them incorrect choices. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, Pleurisy is inflammation of the lining around the lungs, and Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Legionnaires' disease. Legionnaires' disease is caused by inhaling water droplets contaminated with Legionella bacteria. These bacteria thrive in warm water, such as in air conditioning systems and hot tubs. The symptoms of Legionnaires' disease include high fever, cough, and shortness of breath. B: Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. C: Asbestosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, not contaminated water droplets. D: Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by inhaling spores found in soil with bird or bat droppings, not contaminated water droplets.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thoracentesis is the correct answer because it is a procedure used to remove fluid or air from the pleural space, which can help a patient breathe easier. The steps involved in thoracentesis include identifying the location for insertion, numbing the area with local anesthesia, inserting a needle or catheter into the pleural space, draining the fluid or air, and monitoring the patient for any complications. Summary: - B: Bronchoscopy is a procedure used to visualize the airways and diagnose lung conditions, not to remove fluid or air from the pleural space. - C: Chest X-ray is an imaging test used to visualize the chest area and diagnose various conditions, but it does not involve removing fluid or air from the pleural space. - D: CT scan is an imaging test that provides detailed images of the internal structures of the body, but it is not a procedure for removing fluid or air from the pleural space.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Emphysema is the correct answer. Alveoli destruction in emphysema leads to shortness of breath and reduced oxygen exchange. This condition is primarily caused by smoking and results in irreversible damage to the air sacs in the lungs. Pulmonary fibrosis involves scarring of lung tissue, not alveoli destruction. Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the lungs, disrupting oxygen exchange. Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung, which may not directly lead to alveoli destruction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Autoimmune disease. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. This occurs due to a breakdown in immune tolerance, resulting in the immune system targeting self-antigens. This leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In contrast, infectious diseases are caused by pathogens, allergic reactions are responses to harmless substances, and degenerative diseases involve the gradual deterioration of tissues over time. Therefore, autoimmune disease best fits the description provided in the question.