What is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, usually in the legs, and can travel to the lungs, causing serious complications?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, typically in the legs. These clots can dislodge and travel to the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism. Choice B, pulmonary embolism, is a complication of DVT, not the initial condition. Varicose veins (C) are enlarged, twisted veins usually visible on the skin surface, not deep veins. Peripheral artery disease (D) involves narrowed arteries, not blood clots in veins.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lobectomy. A lobectomy involves the surgical removal of one of the lobes of the lungs, often performed to treat lung cancer localized in a specific lobe. This procedure allows for targeted removal of cancerous tissue while preserving the remaining healthy lung tissue. Explanation for other choices: B: Pneumonectomy - This involves the complete removal of an entire lung and is not specific to removing a lobe. C: Thoracotomy - This is a surgical incision into the chest, not specific to removing a lobe of the lung. D: Tracheostomy - This is a surgical procedure to create an opening in the neck to insert a tube into the trachea for breathing and is not related to removing a lobe of the lung.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mesothelioma. Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, abdomen, or heart, and is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos fibers. Asbestos exposure is a well-established risk factor for developing mesothelioma. Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer are not typically associated with asbestos exposure. This association is key in determining the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tracheostomy. This surgical procedure involves creating an opening in the windpipe to assist with breathing by bypassing any obstructions in the upper airway. It is commonly performed in cases of severe respiratory distress or when a patient requires long-term mechanical ventilation. Choice B: Lobectomy involves surgical removal of a lobe of the lung and does not directly relate to creating an opening in the windpipe for breathing assistance. Choice C: Thoracotomy is a surgical incision into the chest wall but is not specifically related to creating an opening in the windpipe. Choice D: Pleurodesis is a procedure to treat recurrent pleural effusion by creating adhesions between the layers of the pleura but does not involve creating an opening in the windpipe.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cystic fibrosis. This genetic disorder is characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive system. Step 1: Cystic fibrosis specifically mentions the thick, sticky mucus, which is a key characteristic of the disorder. Step 2: Pulmonary fibrosis is a different condition where lung tissue becomes scarred and stiff. Step 3: Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, not mucus. Step 4: Bronchiectasis is a condition where the airways in the lungs become damaged and widened, not specifically related to thick mucus buildup.