What is a complication of uterine tachysystole?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Uterine tachysystole is defined as excessively frequent uterine contractions, which can lead to a decrease in perfusion to the placenta and subsequently result in fetal hypoxia. When the uterus contracts too often or too strongly, it can reduce the amount of oxygen and nutrients reaching the fetus, leading to fetal distress and hypoxia. Choice A, Category I fetal heart rate tracing, is incorrect because this refers to a normal fetal heart rate pattern indicating fetal well-being. It is not a complication of uterine tachysystole, but rather a sign of a healthy fetus. Choice B, placenta previa, is incorrect because this condition involves the placenta partially or completely covering the cervix, leading to potential bleeding during pregnancy. It is not directly related to uterine tachysystole. Choice D, prolapsed cord, is incorrect because this occurs when the umbilical cord slips through the cervix ahead of the baby, potentially cutting off the baby's oxygen supply. While this is a serious complication during labor, it is not directly caused by uterine tachysystole. In summary, the correct answer is fetal hypoxia because uterine tachysystole can lead to reduced oxygen supply to the fetus, resulting in fetal distress and hypoxia. The other choices are incorrect as they do not directly result from uterine tachysystole.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Preeclampsia is a serious condition that can occur during pregnancy, characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems. Magnesium sulfate is the medication of choice for managing preeclampsia because it helps prevent seizures (eclampsia) and can lower blood pressure. Option A, ampicillin, is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, not preeclampsia. It would not address the underlying issue of high blood pressure in preeclampsia. Option C, nalbuphine hydrochloride (Nubain), is an opioid pain medication used for pain relief during labor, it does not treat preeclampsia or its associated symptoms. Option D, sodium bicarbonate, is used to treat acidosis or certain types of poisoning, not preeclampsia. It would not address the high blood pressure or prevent seizures associated with preeclampsia. In conclusion, magnesium sulfate is the correct medication for preeclampsia as it helps prevent seizures and manage high blood pressure, which are critical in the management of this condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Multiple gestation refers to the presence of more than one fetus in the uterus, such as twins or triplets. One complication that can arise from multiple gestation is uterine dystocia. Uterine dystocia is a condition in which the uterus is unable to contract effectively during labor, leading to difficulties in the progression of labor and potentially increasing the risk of complications for both the mother and the babies. Choice A, tachysystole, refers to excessively frequent contractions of the uterus. While tachysystole can be a complication of labor, it is not specifically associated with multiple gestation. In fact, tachysystole is more commonly seen in cases of induced or augmented labor, rather than in cases of multiple gestation. Choice B, postterm birth, refers to a pregnancy that extends beyond 42 weeks gestation. While multiple gestation can increase the risk of preterm birth (delivery before 37 weeks), it is not typically associated with postterm birth. Postterm birth is more commonly seen in singleton pregnancies and is not a direct complication of multiple gestation. Choice D, early decelerations, refers to a pattern seen on fetal heart rate monitoring during labor. Early decelerations are typically associated with head compression during contractions and are not specifically linked to multiple gestation. While fetal heart rate patterns should be closely monitored during labor, early decelerations are not a direct complication of multiple gestation. In conclusion, the correct answer is C, uterine dystocia, as this is a potential complication that can arise specifically from multiple gestation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not directly associated with multiple gestation or are more commonly seen in other pregnancy scenarios.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: C: Skull fracture is the correct answer for a fetal complication of obstetric forceps. When forceps are used during delivery, there is a risk of excessive pressure being applied to the baby's head, which can result in a skull fracture. This can lead to serious complications for the baby, including brain injury and potential long-term developmental issues. A: Flexion of the head is not a fetal complication of obstetric forceps. While forceps may be used to help guide the baby's head through the birth canal, the goal is to assist with delivery rather than causing excessive flexion of the head. B: Abdominal complications are not typically associated with the use of obstetric forceps. Forceps are specifically designed to assist with the delivery of the baby's head and are not typically used in a way that would cause abdominal complications for the fetus. D: Femur fracture is not a fetal complication of obstetric forceps. Forceps are not applied to the baby's legs or lower body during delivery, so the risk of a femur fracture would not be associated with the use of forceps.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Multiple gestation, which refers to the presence of more than one fetus in the womb, is a risk factor for cesarean delivery for several reasons. The correct answer is A: cord prolapse. In multiple gestation, there is a higher likelihood of cord prolapse, where the umbilical cord slips through the cervix ahead of the baby, cutting off the oxygen supply. This is a medical emergency that often requires immediate cesarean delivery to prevent harm to the baby. Choice B: increased pain in labor, is not directly related to the need for cesarean delivery in multiple gestation. While labor pains may be more intense with multiple gestation, pain alone is not a reason for cesarean delivery. Choice C: inability to push, is also not a direct reason for cesarean delivery in multiple gestation. While pushing may be more challenging in cases of multiple gestation, it is not a primary factor in the decision for cesarean delivery. Choice D: twins in cephalic-cephalic presentation, refers to both twins being in a head-down position, which is actually a favorable presentation for vaginal delivery. In this scenario, the presentation of the twins would not be a reason for cesarean delivery. In conclusion, cord prolapse, as mentioned in choice A, is the primary reason why multiple gestation is a risk factor for cesarean delivery. It is a serious complication that requires immediate intervention to ensure the safety of the baby, making it a key consideration in the decision-making process for delivery in cases of multiple gestation.