What is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Heartburn. GERD is characterized by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, leading to a burning sensation in the chest known as heartburn. This symptom is a hallmark of GERD, caused by the weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter. A: Diarrhea is not a common symptom of GERD. B: Lactose intolerance is a separate condition related to the inability to digest lactose, not directly associated with GERD. C: Constipation is also not a typical symptom of GERD, as it primarily involves acid reflux and heartburn. Therefore, the most appropriate choice is D as it aligns with the classic presentation of GERD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because pressure injuries can indeed lead to life-threatening infections. When pressure disrupts blood flow to an area, it can result in tissue damage leading to open wounds, which are susceptible to infections. These infections can spread rapidly and become life-threatening if not promptly treated. Choice A is incorrect as skin breakdown in pressure injuries usually starts as redness or discoloration, not a deep crater. Choice B is incorrect as pressure injuries can be painful, especially in later stages. Choice C is incorrect as pressure injuries can be prevented by implementing proper preventive measures such as frequent repositioning and using support surfaces.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Strong smells. Asthma patients should avoid strong smells as they can trigger asthma symptoms. Strong odors from perfumes, cleaning products, and smoke can irritate the airways and lead to asthma attacks. Avoiding strong smells can help in managing asthma symptoms and preventing exacerbations. Incorrect answers: A: Inhalers - Inhalers are essential for managing asthma symptoms and should not be avoided. B: Talking - Talking does not directly affect asthma symptoms. C: Fluids - Staying hydrated is important for overall health and does not specifically impact asthma management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ossicles. Ossicles are the tiny bones in the middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. They amplify and transmit these vibrations to the cochlea, where they are converted into electrical impulses sent to the brain. Eardrums (B) are the thin membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves. Cochleas (C) are part of the inner ear responsible for translating sound vibrations into nerve impulses. Auricles (D) are the visible part of the outer ear that helps collect sound waves.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because supporting the resident and their family and friends fosters a holistic approach to care. This approach helps create a supportive environment, which is crucial for individuals with mental health disorders. Building a strong support system can positively impact the resident's mental health and aid in their recovery. Choices A and D are incorrect because doing everything for the resident and denying the reality of their disorder can be disempowering and detrimental. Choice B is also incorrect as giving medication is only one aspect of care and does not address the emotional and social support needed by the resident.