What is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Heartburn. GERD commonly presents with heartburn due to the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. This symptom is a result of the weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter. Diarrhea (A), lactose intolerance (B), and constipation (C) are not typically associated with GERD. Diarrhea is more commonly linked to infections or certain food intolerances. Lactose intolerance causes symptoms like bloating and gas after consuming dairy, not specifically reflux. Constipation is more related to issues with bowel movements and not typically a symptom of GERD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because pressure injuries can lead to life-threatening infections due to compromised skin integrity. When pressure is applied for a prolonged period, blood flow is restricted, leading to tissue damage and making the skin vulnerable to infection. This can result in serious complications if not treated promptly. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A pressure injury may not always appear as a deep crater at the initial stage; they can vary in appearance. While pressure injuries can be challenging to heal, they can cause significant pain and discomfort. Finally, although preventing pressure injuries can be difficult, it is not impossible with proper care and interventions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Strong smells. Asthma patients should avoid strong smells as they can trigger asthma symptoms. Strong smells like perfumes, smoke, cleaning chemicals can irritate the airways and lead to breathing difficulties. Inhalers (choice A) are actually necessary for asthma management. Talking (choice B) and fluids (choice C) do not directly impact asthma symptoms. In summary, the other choices are incorrect as they do not address the specific trigger for asthma symptoms, which is exposure to strong smells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ossicles. Ossicles are the tiny bones in the middle ear that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the cochlea. The three ossicles are the malleus, incus, and stapes. They amplify and transmit sound waves, enabling the brain to interpret sound accurately. B: Eardrums are incorrect because they are the thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves hit it, but they do not send impulses to the brain. C: Cochleas are incorrect because they are the spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals to be sent to the brain. D: Auricles are incorrect because they are the visible part of the outer ear that helps collect sound waves, but they do not pick up vibrations and send impulses to the brain.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because supporting the resident and their family and friends is essential in caring for someone with a mental health disorder. This approach promotes a holistic and empathetic care environment, fostering trust and understanding. Providing emotional support can help reduce stigma and isolation, promoting recovery. Choice A is incorrect because it fosters dependency rather than empowering the resident. Choice B is incorrect as only providing medication does not address the resident's emotional and social needs. Choice D is incorrect and harmful as it dismisses the reality of mental health disorders, undermining the resident's experiences and worsening stigma.