ATI RN
ATI Practice Exam Pharmacology The Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is a common side e昀昀ect of Albuterol?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A common side effect of Albuterol, a bronchodilator medication used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions, is paradoxical bronchospasm. This paradoxical reaction leads to an unexpected constriction of the airways instead of the expected relaxation. It can result in increased breathing difficulties and chest tightness, requiring immediate medical attention. Other possible side effects of Albuterol include tremors, palpitations, headache, and nervousness, but paradoxical bronchospasm is notable due to its potential severity and the need for prompt intervention.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse acknowledges that the first-line drug for treating this client's blood pressure might be which drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are considered a first-line drug for treating hypertension in many patients. They work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. ACE inhibitors are well tolerated and have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with hypertension. Other medication classes such as diuretics, alpha blockers, and alpha/beta blockers may also be used in the management of hypertension but ACE inhibitors are often preferred as a first-line therapy due to their efficacy, safety profile, and proven outcomes in hypertension management.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following describes the relationship of the blood concentration attained with initial dosing and the dose of drug given
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The relationship of the blood concentration attained with initial dosing and the dose of drug given is best described by the concept of steady state. Steady state refers to the point at which the rate of drug input (dose) equals the rate of drug elimination, resulting in consistent drug levels in the blood. Achieving steady state typically requires several half-lives of the drug, during which the drug concentration gradually increases with each dose until it stabilizes. The dose of the drug given will influence how quickly steady state is reached and at what concentration the drug will be maintained in the body. Factors such as bioavailability, half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance play important roles in determining the dosage needed to reach and maintain steady state drug levels in the body.
Question 4 of 5
All are true of morphine , except :
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic that is commonly used for pain management, but it is not typically used to treat diarrhea and dysentery. Instead, medications such as loperamide or diphenoxylate/atropine are more commonly employed for managing diarrhea. Morphine can actually cause constipation as a side effect due to its action on opioid receptors in the gut. Therefore, the statement that morphine is used to treat diarrhea and dysentery is false.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin (Dilantin) to a patient who has a seizure disorder. The nurse notes that the last random serum drug level was 18 mcg/mL. What action Will the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A random serum phenytoin level of 18 mcg/mL is above the therapeutic range (usually 10-20 mcg/mL) and may indicate that the patient is at risk for toxicity. The nurse should contact the provider to discuss decreasing the phenytoin dose in order to prevent potential toxic effects such as ataxia, nystagmus, and confusion. Administering the current dose without addressing the elevated serum level could increase the risk of toxicity. Monitoring closely for toxicity (Choice D) is appropriate after the dosage adjustment is discussed with the provider. Reporting drug toxicity to the providers (Choice E) may be necessary if toxicity symptoms develop or if the provider does not respond to the recommendation to decrease the dose.