ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Heart failure is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently. Step 2: This inefficiency leads to fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary congestion) and other parts of the body. Step 3: Cardiomyopathy is a broad term for diseases that affect the heart muscle but may not necessarily result in heart failure. Step 4: Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, not directly related to heart pumping efficiency. Step 5: Aortic stenosis is a condition where the aortic valve narrows, affecting blood flow from the heart but not necessarily leading to heart failure.
Question 2 of 5
This medication type is used to relax and widen blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing blood pressure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vasodilator. Vasodilators relax and widen blood vessels, leading to improved blood flow and decreased blood pressure. They work directly on the muscles in the walls of blood vessels. Anticoagulants (B) prevent blood clot formation, diuretics (C) increase urine production to reduce fluid buildup, and beta-blockers (D) reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline. Therefore, only vasodilators directly target blood vessel relaxation and widening to improve blood flow and reduce blood pressure.
Question 3 of 5
Which type of medication is used to reduce the workload on the heart by slowing down the heart rate and lowering blood pressure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Beta-blocker. Beta-blockers reduce the workload on the heart by blocking the action of adrenaline on beta receptors, slowing down heart rate and lowering blood pressure. This helps to decrease the heart's oxygen demand and improve its efficiency. ACE inhibitors (B) work by dilating blood vessels, Calcium channel blockers (C) block calcium entry into cells to relax blood vessels, and Diuretics (D) reduce blood volume by increasing urine output, but they do not specifically target reducing the workload on the heart.
Question 4 of 5
This is a procedure where a small mesh tube is inserted into an artery to keep it open and improve blood flow.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stent placement. Stent placement involves inserting a mesh tube into an artery to keep it open and improve blood flow. This procedure is minimally invasive compared to bypass surgery (C) and CABG (D), which involve rerouting blood flow. Angioplasty (B) is related but specifically refers to widening the artery using a balloon catheter, not inserting a mesh tube like in stent placement. Therefore, A is the best choice for the given procedure.
Question 5 of 5
What procedure involves using a catheter to create a small scar in the heart tissue to block abnormal electrical signals and restore normal heart rhythm?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Catheter ablation. This procedure involves using a catheter to create a small scar in the heart tissue to block abnormal electrical signals and restore normal heart rhythm. First, the catheter is guided to the heart through blood vessels. Then, using various techniques such as radiofrequency energy or freezing, the abnormal tissue causing the irregular heartbeat is destroyed to restore the heart's normal rhythm. Choice B, Angioplasty, involves opening blocked or narrowed blood vessels to improve blood flow, not addressing abnormal heart rhythms. Choice C, Stent placement, involves inserting a mesh tube to keep arteries open, not related to treating abnormal electrical signals in the heart. Choice D, Valve replacement, is a procedure to replace damaged heart valves, not specifically targeting abnormal electrical signals in the heart.