What is a characteristic disease associated with Type III hypersensitivity?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In Type III hypersensitivity, immune complexes form and deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. SLE is a classic example of a Type III hypersensitivity reaction where these immune complexes deposit in various organs causing systemic inflammation and damage. Graves's disease (A) is an example of Type II hypersensitivity, where autoantibodies target cell-surface receptors. Goodpasture's syndrome (B) is a Type II hypersensitivity disease affecting the kidneys and lungs. Contact dermatitis (D) is a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T cells, not involving immune complexes. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it aligns with the characteristic disease associated with Type III hypersensitivity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sarcoidosis. Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by T cells and are characterized by delayed onset inflammatory responses. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease where T cells form granulomas in affected tissues. Anaphylaxis (A) is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction involving IgE antibodies. Grave's disease (C) is an autoimmune disorder caused by Type II hypersensitivity reaction mediated by antibodies. Goodpasture's syndrome (D) is a Type II hypersensitivity reaction involving antibodies attacking basement membranes. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it fits the characteristics of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Baby powder is not recommended for individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus, as it can irritate the skin and worsen symptoms. A: Avoiding direct sunlight is crucial due to photosensitivity. C: Grouping errands helps conserve energy. D: Rest is important to manage fatigue. Summary: A, C, and D are all appropriate self-care measures for a client with systemic lupus erythematosus, while using baby powder is not recommended.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Germinal center. Germinal centers are specialized regions within lymph nodes where B cells undergo intense proliferation, somatic hypermutation, and class switching to generate high-affinity antibodies. This process is crucial for the adaptive immune response. Paracortex (B) contains T cells, not B cells. Medulla (C) is mainly involved in filtering lymph. Infected tissue (D) is not a specific site for B cell proliferation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: IL-2. IL-2 is essential for the clonal expansion of T cells as it promotes T cell proliferation. It is produced by activated T cells themselves and plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses. IL-1 is involved in inflammation, not T cell expansion. IL-4 is important for Th2 cell differentiation, while IL-5 is critical for eosinophil activation. In summary, IL-2 specifically promotes T cell clonal expansion, making it the correct choice in this context.